Reactive dye

An alternative approach of affinity chromatography with extremely significant results is dye-ligand affinity chromatography. In this type of affinity chromatography, dyes compose the group of ligands than are employed in the technique (Hage et al., 2012). The initial motivation for scientists to investigate more about dye ligand affinity chromatography was given after the interactions that took place between Blue Dextran, a Cibaron Blue and dextran conjugate, which is used as a void marker in size-exclusion

dyeing processes. 2) Dispersant-free disperse dyes:-

on wheat straw to decolorize the dyes had been studied. Table 2 shows peaks of wavelengths of different types of dyes before and after decolorization. Peaks of reactive red 6 BX, direct brown BN, direct yellow 5 G, disperse orange 2RLS, disperse violet 3RS, sulpher black Br and sulpher brown SG were at 295, 240, 400, 444, 499, 220 and 250nm were disappeared respectively after decolorization with tested fungi. Table 2: Wave lengths (λ) of different tested dyes Dyes λ max (nm) Bofore decolorization

that use membranes offer exciting possibilities for separation of dyestuffs and dyeing auxiliaries that reduce simultaneously hydrolysed color and biochemical oxygen demand /chemical oxygen demand of wastewater; generally used to treat effluent reactive dye bath, that could potentially reduce the volume of waste and recovery simultaneously salt (20). On the other hand, can be separated into two or more components the flow of fluid to its molecular size. The advantages of membrane filtration are because

sappan) WOOD AS TEXTILE DYE PRESENTED IN THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT (SCIENCE CURRICULUM) ILIGAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL ILIGAN CITY SUBMITTED TO: MRS. ANNALLEE Q. ARON RESEARCH TEACHER SUBMITTED BY: Ibrahim, Mahalia Taskeen R. Cabugatan, Fahad M. Lomansoc, Jake G. Miano, Ryan I. Surmion, Paul Jeffrey S. ABSTRACT Dyes known to the ancients came from plants such as indigo and madder or from the shells of mollusks; today most dyes are made from coal tar

chemically enhanced dyes. Dyeing fabrics has been an ancient process that has been used by people since the Neolithic Period, which was a time when humans were just starting to create tools using stone and wood. In 715 BC, wool dyeing was an actual craft in the booming city of Rome. In 1507, Germany, The Netherlands, and France began the cultivation of dye plants as an industry. We can conclude that the craft of dyeing fabrics has been popular with people for a very long time. “Tie-Dye” is a modern term

extraction of dyes by adsorption [8], membrane filtration [9] and ion-exchange. However, extracted dyes not be recovered, high cost and yet requirement of another process to degrade dyes makes these processes unsustainable. Chemical methods as Chemical Oxidation [10], Ozonization [11] and Electrochemical degradations are uneconomical and unfavorable for the environment. Biological methods are based on anaerobiotic or aerobiotic, microbial culture. But purely anaerobic digestion of azo-dye produces carcinogenic

activated carbon with a particle density of 0.6 g/cm3 and a particle radius of 0.02 mm is only 0.25 m2 /g. However, adsorption is one of the promising methods to remove the dye pollutants from aqueous system completely. It was, therefore, thought worthwhile to develop highly efficient and effective adsorbents for the removal of dye from the textile

Textiles are made up from natural or man-made fibres or a combination of both. “Fibres are thin, hair-like structures” (Blair, n.d: online) that are categorized into two types: long filament fibres and short staple fibres. Natural fibres are usually staple, whilst man-made fibres are filament, with the exception of silk that comes from a natural source. These raw fibres are spun to produce a long, continuous thread referred to as yarn, which is then used in a series of methods that include, stitching

3.1. DYES AND CHEMICALS Six reactive azo dyes namely, Reactive Violet 5, Reactive Red 2, Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Blue 4, Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Green 19A were generous gifts from Colors India Inc. Pvt. Ltd. Ahmedabad, India. All these dyes were of industrial grade and are widely used in textile industries. Reactive Violet 5 (vinyl sulfone as a reactive group) and Reactive Red 2 (triazin as a reactive group) were used as model azo dyes in this study. All required chemicals and solvents