Renal capsule

below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. One kidney is located below the spleen on the left side of the body, whereas the other kidney is located just below the liver. The kidneys receive blood from the paired renal arteries and the blood is drained into the paired renal veins. In a human body, the kidneys process about 200 quarts of blood to sift out about 2 quarts of waste products and extra water everyday.

Histological study Light microscope examination Specimens from the left kidney from each animal were fixed in 10% saline formalin and processed to prepare 5-μm-thick paraffin sections for Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008). Immunohistochemical study Immunohistochemical staining for localization of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was carried out by means of the avidin biotin complex (ABC) method (Dako ARK™, Peroxidase, Code No. K3954, Dako, Glostrup

The renal system, also known as the urinary system removes wastes from the blood and forms it into urine. The urine produced generally contains excess water, ions, urea and other toxic substances. The urine created by the nephrons in the kidneys is moved through the ureters and is stored in the bladder until it is released through the urethra. The renal system is composed of a number of organs which store fluid, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra and a bladder (Connor, Morgan and

Part A 1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (previously described as non–insulin dependent diabetes) is a condition due to hyperglycemia that accompanies a relative rather than an absolute insulin deficiency. It appears as a consequence of the alteration (genetically inherited or acquired) of insulin secretion, sometimes associated with peripheral insulin resistance. Impaired ability to absorb certain macronutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins can lead to a large spectrum of chronic complications

which produces urine, and the collecting duct, which completes the concentration of urine and through which urine passes out into the calyces of the kidney, the renal pelvis, the ureter and urinary bladder. A renal, or uriniferous, tubule consists of a glomerular capsule that leads into a proximal convoluted tubule, connected to the capsule by a short neck and continuing into a sinuous or coiled convoluted part . This straightens as it approaches the medulla, and becomes the descending thick limb of

glomeruli, is a leading cause of renal failure worldwide. Inflammation is characterized by vascular fragility, infiltration of leukocytes, and edema. Glomerular disease may manifest by three major syndromes: nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Nephritic syndrome consists of sudden onset of hematuria, non-nephrotic range proteinuria (1.5 g/24 h), active sediment with red blood cell (RBC) casts or dysmorphic RBCs, acute renal failure, and hypertension

Introduction In this lab report the main objective where to be able to Method Firstly the kidney parts such as the ureter, renal artery and renal vein were examined. Next kidney got cut perpendicular to the long axis to be able to reveal the internal structure and parts. This kidney was cut open by a medical grade scalpel and scissor. Materials/ equipment used; • Medical scalpel • Medical scissors • Medical tweezers • Wooden board to put the kidney on and to be able to carry the work out •

Problem: A man arrives at a clinic with complaints of asthenia, malaise, headache, weight gain, and a decrease in urination. A tentative diagnosis of acute renal failure is made. 1. Explain the pathophysiology of acute renal failure. Include prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes. The Urinary System plays an important role in our everyday life. It’s most important functions are maintenance of homeostasis, manufacture hormones that we need, and to process our wastes for elimination. Our kidneys

Glomerular filtration The major function of the glomerulus is to produce an ultrafiltrate from the blood using the glomerular capillary wall(GCW) as a filter by a process differs from the transcapillary exchange process as in other organs in two ways. First, the GCW almost completely excludes plasma proteins of the size of albumin (radius 36Å) or larger from the filtrate. Second, the glomeruli exhibit an extraordinary high permeability-surface area productto water and small solutes and also a very

risks are Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) and Cardiovascular Disease. Currently twenty million American adults have CKD and millions of others are at increased risk. Age has no barrier on getting CKD. People with pre-existing health issues, and a part of certain population