Renal failure

ARF Case Study Acute Renal Failure Case Study Directions: Please carefully read the following case study and answer the following questions in typed format. The resources that you will need to complete this case study include your textbook and drug book. Please include in text citations. This independent assignment is worth 25 points. Ann Hayes, age 68, initially was admitted to the hospital for elective surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Her surgery was documented

Acute renal failure is defined as a substantial deficiency in renal function (Huether, 2017, p. 760). Dirkes (2016) article explains: Acute renal failure (ARF) was used in the past to describe any kind of kidney failure. The new term acute kidney injury (AKI) indicates that this problem is a clinical manifestation of several disorders that affect the kidney acutely. AKI indicates injury is occurring and it can be graded into mild, moderate, and severe injury. The key is to identify kidney injury

1. Describe the pathophysiological changes that occur in acute renal failure. Acute renal failure condition is diagnosed and retitled as acute kidney injury. The purpose of the change of terminology was to encompass the full spectrum of the clinical manifestations associated with the syndrome. This includes a range from a small decline in kidney function to a severe impairment. Furthermore, the acute condition is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function. In addition, associated manifestation(s)

leucodepleted red blood cell, didn’t do antigens phenotype (Rh and Kell). Chronic renal failure The patients of chronic renal failure who have received blood transfusions are also at risk of alloimmunization. Although, recombinant human erythropoietin (RHuEpo) has revolutionized the treatment of patients with anemia of chronic renal failure but the blood transfusion still final treatment of anemia in chronic renal failure. We observed of alloimmunization prevalence was 15.4 % detected in 6 out of 39

Mr. Armstrong has a history of renal insufficiency and uncontrolled hypertension, along with symptoms of fatigue, pedal edema, and occasional shortness of breath. He does not have a history of trauma or obstruction to his kidneys, but his creatinine and BUN levels are currently at 3.5 mg/dl and 40 mg/dl. Normal creatinine concentration values are 0.7 to 1.2 mg/dl and normal BUN values are 10 to 20 mg/dl; this reveals that Mr. Armstrong’s kidneys are not removing wastes properly (McCance, Huether

out of the body. If this system falters either before, within, or after filtration, a potential demise may result as with Acute Renal Failure. Although the signs and symptoms may be obscure or indistinguishable, there are exams that are successfully used to diagnose, and subsequently treat the disease ("How Kidneys Work, 2014"). There are three categories of renal failure, organized according to wherein the journey of filtration the problem lies. Prerenal occurs with a problem preceding the kidneys

composition. Lastly, the kidneys have a role in hormone synthesis. Renal Failure The renal

Renal (kidney) failure is a serious medical condition in which the kidneys fail to filter blood effectively. This causes waste products to build up in the body causing immense pressure on organs-such as, the heart. (Mayo, 2012) Along with this, renal failure begins a down-spiral to insufficient and unbalanced levels of the person’s blood chemical make up. Kidney failure unfortunately develops extremely rapidly and causes the patient to become extremely ill very quickly (Smith, 2013). Signs and symptoms

Autosomal dominant (ADPKD) is far more common of the two. The disease presents with lots of cysts on the kidneys and can not be cured. Medication can manage the symptoms. The symptoms include urinary tract infections, high blood pressure and even renal failure as it progresses. Serial ultrasound scans are usually performed to monitor the cysts and to screen family members. How is the disease inherited? Most cases of this disease have an autosomal dominant pattern (ADPKD). These people with are born

acute kidney injury (AKI). The risk for having AKI is due to other preexisting issues such previous kidney impairment, cardiovascular and PVD, hypertension, DM, heart failure, malignancies, and BPH. This kind of renal failure is also common with individuals between the ages of 20 and 80 years old. It is characterized by a decreased of renal blood flow to 50% and GFR by 8ml/min/1.73 m2 every 10 years after the age of 30. Aging kidneys are unable in concentrating and diluting urine, conserving Na, producing