Representations

In “Political Representation,” Shapiro et al. (2009) say that “political representation lies at the core of modern politics.” Representation is usually linked to the concept of democracy (Shapiro et al. 2009). The concept of representation is explicitly mentioned in the U.S. Constitution (U.S. Const. art. I, § 1, 2). However, the meaning and appropriate form of “representation” have been debated by political theorists and philosophers for centuries. The definition of representation one chooses to

simplest arguments for women representation in politics is this cold hard fact. Why isn’t there equal amount of men and women in these role, if they bot make up 50% of the population? Each argument for equal representation of women in politics fall in to one for three categories. The three types are formal, descriptive, and substantive representation (Paxton and Hughes, 2014). According to our Paxton and Hughes, this is the earliest and simplest formulation of equal representation, in simple, women have

Democracies with a proportional representation electoral system plus a Parliamentary system (like that of Germany) encourage smaller parties more than the single member plurality electoral system and Presidential system (like that of America) in giving a voice to the many interests that characterize our increasingly diverse national populations. Introduction This paper discusses the crucial issue of electoral systems and their peculiar utility to the effective representation in the national legislature

"The system of proportional representation ensures that virtually every constituency in the country will have a hearing in the national and provincial legislatures” (Tutu, 1994). In Humphrey's book “Proportional Representation: A Study in Methods of Election” he defines proportional representation as an electoral system where seats in a legislature or council are allocated to various interests in proportion to their strength in the electorate. He further argues that with such constituencies it would

matters of representation, accountability, and government effectiveness. A given electoral system determines the extent to which voters have choices in the election process, the way in which parties and candidates are elected as representatives, the extent and form of political competition, and the means by which the electorate vote is translated into legislative representation. Adopted by nations worldwide are two voting systems known as single-member plurality and proportional representation. As a result

Proportional representation system is a system in which the variety of seats held by way of contributors of a political party in a legislature (such as a parliament) is decided with the aid of the quantity of votes its candidates get hold of in an election.[ (n.d.). Retrieved September 04, 2016, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proportional representation ]With the proportional illustration system several participants of parliament are to be elected per constituency. Basically each

Proportional Representation (PR) is one of the most widely-used systems worldwide, supported by many groups as a replacement for the existing First-Past-the-Post electoral system on the basis of its ability to accurately represent the wishes of the entire electorate. The table and graph illustrates the results of an election conducted under Proportional Representation1 Year Conservative Labor Liberal Democrats Others 2015 249 206 53 32 SNP, 85 UKIP, 25 Green 2010 266 214 170 None Pass threshold

First Past the Post Vs. Proportional Representation in Canadian Elections Two years have passed since Canada’s last election. The 2015 Canadian election was promised to be the last election using the first-past-the-post system otherwise known as a single-member plurality system (“The Electoral System of Canada”). Proportional Representation is another system that has been touted as an alternative to Canada’s current system. While it remains to be seen if Canada’s election system will receive an

In today’s society, there is a growing amount of people whose data is being collected through different mediums within their everyday lives. This information is also known as big data; great amounts of data collected through various forms into large data systems. Ed Dumbill (2012) claims the input data is collected through systems such as “chatter from social networks, web server logs, traffic flow sensors, satellite imagery, broadcast audio streams, banking transactions, MP3s of rock music, the

system in the UK-first past the post- is the main cause of that crisis and should be replaced as part of a plan to reconstitute the democratic culture (Kelly 2008). By longstanding critics of the system, opponents advocate the use of proportional representation (PR) for selecting MPs. Due to this problem it is going to be a referendum on changing the electoral