Resistance movement

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview and Significance While we have made tremendous advancement in various fields of therapeutics, the triumph of Fleming’s discovery of penicillin is fading away with the rise of antibiotic resistance; we are pushing ourselves back into the pre-antibiotic era. In the United States 2 million people get infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria and 23,000 die each year as a result (CDC). The picture is grimmer in the developing world. This project was initiated to study

Introduction to Environmental Health: Communicable Disease-Scarlet Fever Introduction: Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infection caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). It is spread from human to human through inhalation of droplets from the sneezing and coughing, eating or drinking using the same cutlery or glass, or through direct skin contact of an infected person (Duncan, 2015). Group A Streptococcus bacteria are often found

Abstract: The alarming resurgence of antibiotic resistance bacteria has focused attention on the need for new resources to antibiotic discovery. Among the natural antibiotic sources, snake venoms have been confirmed as a promising source for discovery and development of novel antibacterial agents. In this proposed research, we will screen venoms from three different subspecies of Agkistrodon snake for antibacterial effects on seven different bacterial strains including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus

strain at 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 µg/ml and lower concentrations as compared to gentamicin coupled with silver nanoparticles at a concentration of 3.125 µg/ml. Key words: Silver nanoparticles, antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, silver nitrate and lemon grass Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance amongst pathogenic

Obesity characteristics include having metabolic syndrome for risk factors diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (Feizi, et. al, 2015). The prevalence in type 2 diabetes is becoming a significant problem in the United States. In fact since the 1990’s, only 1 -2 % of children with diabetes mellitus had type 2 diabetes and rates have grown since then (Rodbard, 2008). To help reduce the prevalence of these disorders, the Diabetes and Obesity Program at the Children’s Hospital Los

potential antibiotic producers. Fortunately, progress has recently been made in this endeavor. The methods that follow have been derived from a paper published in Nature in January 2015, titled “A new antibiotic kills pathogens without detectable resistance.” Utilizing a new means of culturing soil microbes, researchers discovered a previously uncharacterized antibiotic, teixobactin, derived from a β-proteobacteria called Eleftheria terrae (Ling). The techniques utilized in this paper have shown that

There is another factor involved in the antibiotic resistance problem; the transportation of resistant strains among nations. Resistant bacteria may survive in the hospital environment. This is increased when health care professionals do not wash their hands between patient contacts. This is expressed as the unintentional spread of resistant bacteria from one patient to the next. The arrival of travel through the air has brought to surface that resistant organisms may spread from one place to another

infection. They are at high risk of infection for a variety of reasons, such as T-cell or B-cell defect or deficiency, foreign body, prolonged antimicrobial therapy, malignancy or prolonged hospitalization. Increasing problem with S. aureus is its resistance to antimicrobials. MRSA and VRSA strains of S. aureus pose a great risk to the society. MRSA strains have gradually increased in the health care facilities and are endemic in many parts of the world. MRSA can is usually linked with the skin and

Table 4-4: The activity of antibiotics on E. coli isolated from drinking water. Antibiotics Sensitive Resistance Intermediate Total Chloramphenicol 31 (67.4%) 8 (17.4%) 7 (15.2%) 46 (100%) Ceftriaxone 29 (63.0%) 4 (8.7%) 13 (28.3%) 46 (100%) Ciprofloxacin 24 (52.2%) 11 (23.9%) 11 (23.9%) 46 (100%) Gentamicin 19 (41.3%) 11 (23.9%) 16 (34.8%) 46 (100%) Tetracycline

The Government Effect On The Protests Protests have numerous factors that affect the result of the protest and one major element is the government. In the 1960’s some protests were brutal due to discrimination; yet, the largest protest achieved to maintain a safe environment because the government respected and allowed the protests. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963 peacefully gathered approximately 250,000 citizens together to protest the high level of black unemployment