Retinal ganglion cell

different point of view by first looking at the retinal ganglion cells which receive the visual information from photoreceptors in the eye. They then looked at the particular retinal ganglion cells in a normal retina versus those in a subject with striate cortex damage. The major factors included the amount of degeneration in the retinal ganglion cells and how many remained. The ultimate conclusion came that although there was much degeneration in the cells occurred, there were still some that survived

They eye consists mainly of the cornea, lens, pupil, iris, retina, fluid-filled chamber, and the optic nerve. The cornea is a clear tissue that covers the front of the eye. The lens is a flexible structure that focuses light. The layer of receptor cells that line the back of the eye is called the retina. The pupil is the opening through which light enters the eye (Coolidge-Stolz, E. & Graff-Haight, D. 2000). The eye responds to a stimulus of light. Receptors in the retina convert the light stimulus

Abstract Bipolar cells serve as a direct pathway linking the ganglion cells and the photoreceptors. There are many different types of bipolar cells, the most common being rod and cone, but all of the cells are either ON or OFF types. The cells can be distinguished by glutamate receptor expression, response to light and in their structural layout. Bipolar cells responds to light when initiated by the synapses of photoreceptors. The neurotransmitter released by these photoreceptors is glutamate. The

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, cupping of the optic nerve heads and visual field defects often related to elevated intraocular pressure. Glaucoma affects 70 million people worldwide, and constitutes the second largest cause of bilateral blindness in the world [1]. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology

perfusion pressure decreased and local tissue metabolic pressure increased. Deficiency of stable blood flow autoregulation may lead to ischemic damage of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, which likely contributes to further destruction in vascular regulation. These disadvantages of events might be occur retinal ganglion cell death and structural changes of the optic nerve head

Biol-572 10/24/2016 Melanopsin-Containing Retinal Ganglion Cells: Architecture, Projections, and Intrinsic Photosensitivity S. Hattar, H.W. Liao, M. Takao, D.M. Berson, K.W. Yau 1. What is the objective/hypothesis/question of this study? (1 point) The objective of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for non-image-forming visual responses, such as the coordination of the biological clock. Because retinal rod and cone cells are not required for non-image-forming visual

Axons are sensitive and their respond depend on the local environment. When the tectum is removed, retinal axons grow toward the missing tissue, demonstrating that optic axons utilize these neighbourhood signals as opposed to a long-run diffusible attractant from the tectum as they grow along the optic tract (Taylor, 1990). In the event of a small piece of the optic tract neuroepithelium is turned 90° preceding the axons enter it, then they become misoriented when they enter the pivoted transplant

"Stem cell secretions may protect against glaucoma" Science Daily. January 27, 2017. Recently there has been a new study about a secretion from stem cells that is very eye opening! Stem cells are used in lots of studies today due to their ability to transform into any type of cell, but they can also cause complications like rejection. Stem cells contain small membrane bound packages that are known as exosomes. They are filled with proteins and can be used to signal other cells to begin producing

R-opsin is mostly found in invertebrate rhabdomeric photoreceptors, but also in melanopsin-containing mammalian retinal ganglion cells. The third class includes retinal G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR/RGR) and preopsin, which isomerizes photopigments and may contribute to visual cycle2. Mammalian eye detects light through rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Rods and cones are

it is processed by corresponding cells and structures gives us the complexity of our visual processing system. The structures involved are the retina in the eye, the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), and the Visual Cortex (VC) located in the brain; each structure allows us to view the three dimensional colored world that surrounds us. Visual processing starts with the eye where light is bent and refracted so that the most important cells can capture it. Those cells are located in our retina which