Ribavirin

Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. Corporate Research Paper Submitted by: Zeinab Amin Submitted to: Douglas Kennedy Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Business and Its Environment ECON3340 - A02 Monday, November 28. 2016   TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 NONMARKET ENVIRONMENT 3 2.1 ISSUES 4 2.2 INTERESTS 5 2.3 INSTITUTIONS 5 2.4 INFORMATION 5 3 INTEGRATED STRATEGY 6 3.1 NON-MARKET STRATEGY 6 3.2 MARKET STRATEGY 7 4 RECOMMENDATION 7 REFERENCES 9   1 INTRODUCTION How well

the main therapy against the infection was Pegylated-interferon (Peg-IFN) and the ribavirin (RBV) treatment (11). Interferon is a type of protein that stimulates the immune system and helps halt the virus from spreading throughout the body. Pegylated-interferon is a combination of three types of interferon, including polyethylene (PEG), which helps the treatment remain in the body for a longer time period. Ribavirin is a medication that helps stop the HCV virus from replicating. It is commonly used

Hepatitis C is a blood-borne pathogen that is expected to cause over 190,000 deaths between 2010 and 2019.1 HIV is about 5 times less common than hepatitis C virus (HCV) and in 2007 deaths due to HCV surpassed those due to HIV. The infection is more common in populations of high-risk (the homeless and prisoners) who predominantly do not participate in surveys, therefor the number infected with HCV is actually higher than reported. There are a number of risk factors for the infection, but injection-drug

(trade name - Harvoni) are Theapuetic Goods Acts) approved drugs for the treatment of CHC infection. Ribavirin is another drug used for treatment of CHC, and is employed in combination therapy. This paper provides an overview on Hepatitis C: its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The literature review of the specific drug treatments (Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin) including the mechanism of action, safety, efficacy and place in current practice of the drugs is

Idoxuridine (IDU) and trifluridine (TFT) are the drugs from which the era of antiviral drug therapy started . In 1959 Prusoff described IDU synthesized by as a potential anticancer agent. In 1961 it first showed activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and vaccinia virus by Herrmann, and it was launched, for the topical treatment of herpetic keratitis by Kaufman. Two years later, Kaufman and heidelbrger also used trifluridine (TFT) for the topical treatment of herpetic keratitis. IDU and TFT

pneumonia one in general is ribavirin. Ribavirin is a purine nucleoside analogue. However, its mechanism of action is still talked about, it prevents the growing of RNA and DNA viruses by inhibiting the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, which is needed for the synthesis of guanosine triphosphate. The final step in the process of events is lethal mutagenesis of the RNA genome.1 In vitro inhibition of RSV, influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses is achieved at ribavirin concentrations of 3-10

• A rare disorder characterized by the presence of reversible precipitation of immunoglobulins in the blood upon exposure to decreased temperature 1 • Cryoglobulins, which precipitate when blood temperature is cooled below 37°C, are occasionally present in the blood in low levels without any symptoms, especially with advancing age or in the presence of auto-immune disorders; in cryoglobulinemia, circulating cryoglobulins in serum can cause a systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by fatigue

Interferon only has about a 19% success rate, but when the drug is paired with Ribavirin has a staggering success rate of 75% within less than a year of treatment. Ribavirin cannot treat hepatitis c without Interferon, Ribavirin alone is a popular drug to treat infant pneumonia. When paired with Interferon, the antiviral drug mimics the building blocks of DNA and RNA. This interferes with the viruses reproduction in the body. This combination stimulates the T cells, strengthening the immune system

Hepatitis C is a significant public health problem in Australia with approximately 10000 new infections occurring annually1. In 25% of patients, acute Hepatitis C infection is followed by viral clearance, defined as undetectable levels of HCV RNA in the blood, with the remaining 75% progressing to chronic infection. Without intervention, those with chronic infection are at increased risk of hepatic fibrosis and progression to hepatic cirrhosis. There appears to be a significant variation in the reported

transmitting the disease from and to others, such as individuals who are active injection drug users and hemodialysis patients (IDSA, 2016). Initially, the treatment for hepatitis C is a combination of two drug categories which are interferon and ribavirin (IDSA, 2016). Interferon works by stimulating the immune system to attack the hepatitis C virus cells (IDSA, 2016). Pegylated interferon works more efficient than standard interferon. Pegylated interferon is a long-acting type of interferon that