Roman Missal

of the Senate, Octavian and Marc Antony propelled themselves to the pinnacle of Roman power. First joining together during the Second Triumvirate, these men represented the true power players of Roman politics. As their alliance fractured, both Romans resorted to propaganda to gain an edge over the other. Through insulting the other and polishing their own image, both Antony and Octavian looked to capture absolute Roman dominance. Even before their eventual war in 32 B.C.E., the men engaged in a duel

An American theologian Reinhold Niebuhr once said, “All human sin seems so much worse in its consequences than in its intentions.” In this statement, Niebuhr exclaims that the consequences of a situation are undeniably much worse than the motivation of one’s instigation of their actions. This applies to the intentions and, more importantly, the consequences of the characters in both the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and film Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps directed by Oliver Stone. Even

Dearest Marcellina Avitus, I’m afraid I must be again the bearer of bad news my dear sister. After bringing yours and Lucanus’ petitions to my own husband, and then to our local Aedile last week, I had no such luck in having them answered. I thought perhaps, with my noble blood and the respected Patrician name of my husband I could perhaps get an audience with our beloved Emperor. So, there I was last week, walking through the streets of Rome, my ladies-in-waiting all aflutter around me, dodging

Two of the more memorable emperors to the Romans were Augustus Caesar (27 BC to 14 AD), and Caligula (37 AD to 41 AD). Although only having ruled the empire by a separation of 23 years and belonging to the same family (through marriage and adoption), their empires couldn’t have been more different. It is possible to determine the impact of an emperor’s rule based on their many vices and virtues, as well as the choices that they make in relation to them. The author Suetonius expressed in his writings

The Papacy in Rome became powerful in the 6th century, successfully continuing to be in power throughout the 9th century. The great altitude was reached by the Church when the Roman Empire was torn apart by the barbarians and then ripped throughout Europe. Western Europe is grateful to its preservation due to the rise of the Church. Nothing would manage to survive in the middle ages, if there had not been the alliance of the churches with the barbarian royalty, contributing to the preservation of

Particularly in the Roman times, funerary relief did not be used solely for commemorating the deceased, but rather it was used as a public demonstration of identity of certain group of deceased people. Moreover, the relief itself represents the spirit of the Roman. According to the article In Commemorationem Mortuorum: Text and Image Along the ‘Streets of Tombs,’ written by Michael Koortbojian, the Roman funerary relief is fully filled with Romanitas, which refer to the collection of political and

Brutus vs. Macbeth through Power, Ambition, and Honor “Absolute power corrupts absolutely,” unless one knows how to use it, it shall not corrupt. Everyone has ambitions, a strong desire of achieving great things, and some will do whatever it takes to achieve their goal. Honor is a title one receives through their noble acts; but some honorable and strongly ambitious people may go as far as to give up their noble title to accomplish their purpose. William Shakespeare is a well-known English poet

contributions to the Roman Empire during his reign… The Julio-Claudian dynasty refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula (also known as Gaius), Claudius, and Nero and the family to which they belonged. They ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century 27 BC, until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide. The ancient historical writers, Suetonius and Tacitus, write from the point of view of the Roman senatorial aristocracy

“Behind every man, there is a woman.” As seen throughout history, society has dumped women into a lower “rank.” Women have been seen as much less significant and less important as pertaining to men. This idea of society’s own patriarchal illustration can be seen in William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, in which Julius Caesar’s wife, Calphurnia, is left widely unnoticed and highly insignificant although she holds an image that is really quite important. In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar

Just by the sound of it, it seems so easy to understand that a population that is of diverse nature definitely requires a corresponding diverse environment upon which it can thrive and succeed. This philosophy rules out the whole idea as to why architects are continuing to come up with one size fits all design environments. The question is as to whether their main intention is to create and or trying to ensure equality. But as already set, the society is composed of a diverse population, which is