Scopolamine

CHAPTER 13: VERTIGO INTRODUCTION Vertigo is a symptom of illusory movement, commonly spinning, swaying or tilting. Some perceive themselves to be in motion while others perceive motion of the environment around them. Vertigo arises because of asymmetry in the vestibular system due to damage to or dysfunction of the labyrinth, vestibular nerve, or central vestibular structures in the brainstem. The patient who presents to an office visit with dizziness, vertigo or other neuro-otologic symptoms is

3. Review of literature 3.1 The hippocampus and Cognition Hippocampus belongs to the limbic system of the brain. In 1960, O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel continued to investigate the functions of hippocampus. The behavioural inhibition theory was defined and justified many questions regarding functions of hippocampus. Eventually their investigations have been published an influential book, “The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map” (O'Keefe et al, 1978). The spatial coding such as spatial memory and navigation

Aim of literature review Many papers have been published to purpose the effectiveness of placebo on analgesia, with various theories supporting the case. Although the literatures are in general agreement on placebo analgesia there is some disagreement to the mechanism of pain relief. The various theories that will be looked at are expectation-activated opioid system, condition activated specific subsystems and doctor-patient relationship. The primary focus of the paper is neurobiological effect of

Over the past few decades, herbal drugs have become more popular among the people in the world. A regular and widespread use of herbs throughout the world has increased serious concerns over their quality, safety and efficacy. Further about 80% of world population depends on herbal preparations for primary healthcare needs. In many developed countries, 70 to 80 per cent of the populations have used some form of complementary or alternative medicines composed primarily of herbal medicines (Firenzuoli

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Aim and objective of the work 3. Plan of work 4. Materials and Method 5. Results and discussion 6. References 1. INTRODUCTION The main goal of pharmaceutical formulation is to achieve better therapeutic activity in the shortest possible time by using smallest quantity of drug administered by the most suitable route. Oral drug delivery is the simplest and easiest way of administering drugs, Because of the greater stability, smaller bulk, accurate dosage