Shale gas

Shale gas in Mexico: Can it be developed under environmentally sustainable conditions? Introduction According to a report of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2013), Mexico’s technically recoverable shale gas resources amount to 545 trillion cubic feet, placing it as the country with the sixth largest reserves as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: “Estimates of technically recoverable shale gas resources (trillion cubic feet, tcf) based on 48 major shale formations in 32 countries (EIA,

increase in size, so much so that reclamation of shale gas is called “eminent shale gas revolution. British Petroleum [BP], for instance, expects global shale gas production to grow six-fold from 2011 to 2030. Shale gas production in the United States already accounts for roughly 30 percent of the nationwide total a growth rate up from only 4 percent in 2005” (Sovacool, 251). It has also been estimated that more than “80 percent of the natural gas wells developed in the United States over the next

collection from necropsies" (Bamberger & Oswald, 2012, p.52). The case studies also take into account human exposure within the same area as the animals affected. The first case study in the article observed two homes within a short distance of 25 shale wells. These two homeowners both had farm animals on their property and used well water for their personal water source. Both homeowners reported incidents relating to wastewater exposure for both their animals and humans. One incident was when a "truck

United States was from fossil fuels including coal, natural gas, and petroleum. The United States had been aware of a large abundance of natural gas in shale rock formations thousands of feet below the surface; however, when they first found these rocks around 1940 there was no technology or tools advanced enough to drill into these rocks, until the 1970s and 1980s. Companies worked endlessly finding a way to allow shale rocks to release the gas that they held. Companies eventually came up with a practice

lithology between shale plays and even within a single shale formation (Passey et al. 2010). Britt and Smith (2009) emphasized the importance of geomechanics and the state of stress of a shale play for a successful hydraulic fracturing stimulation (Britt and Smith 2009). In addition, Rickman et al. (2008) stressed that the mechanical rock properties, such as brittleness and mineralogy, are fundamental in completion designs. While ductile shale tend to restore any fracture formed, brittle shale often have

New Albany Shale was strongly affected by the regional down-warping in southeastern Illinois (Lineback 1980). The Illinois basin is separated from the Michigan basin by the Kankakee arch, which is located primarily in Indiana (Nelson 1995). To the South East lies the Cincinnati arch (Nelson 1995). In central and

Shale is the most common sedimentary rock. It was deposited and formed by squeezing excess formation water and mineralogical transformations at different temperatures and pressures. Caprocks are essentially defined as low permeability formations, and sometimes, but not necessarily, with low porosity. More than 60% of effective seals for geologic hydrocarbon bearing formations as natural hydraulic barriers constitute of shale rocks. Shale rocks are predominantly composed of clay such as kaolinite

organic components and influence within the Bakken Formation. Furthermore Section IV will address the nature of inorganic constinuents that influence the Bakken Formation. Section V will discuss production history and current production of oil and gas found within

formed a granite intrusion. This happened underground millions of years ago and after weathering it is now visible from the surface. (Devon County Council, 2016) The Dartmoor granite was intruded into Devonian and Carboniferous sandstones, limestones, shales and lavas.(Woods, S. 1988) These neighbouring country rocks were altered, resulting in the development of many types of metamorphic rocks, which form an aureole around the granite. (Keene, P. 2001) Soil and Dartmoor’s Underlying Geology The soil

Permian, being a part of the gas fields that are said to be the largest producers of hydrocarbons in the basin. The Anadarko is one of the most prolific hydrocarbon producers in the continental United States (Hugman and Vidas, 1987; Johnson, 1988). There are only minor occurrences of Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in the northwest part of the province (Henry). Rocks aging older than Mississippian are predominately carbonates, while younger rocks consist of mainly shales and some sandstones - why are