Shale gas

Hydraulic fracturing is the propagation of fractures in a rock layer caused by the presence of a pressurized fluid. (wiki 2011). This occurs naturally in nature, but the Hydraulic fracturing that I will speak of in this paper is a process being used by gas companies nationwide. Fracking is currently regulated by the EPA under the clean water act of 2005 (EPA.gov). However, this only partially governs the methods of injecting fluids and the retrieval of such fluids into the earth. It does not govern

Marcellus/Utica shell & Fracking What is Marcellus Shale? It is a marine sedimentary rock buried thousands of feet beneath the earths surfaces. Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock groups and is formed in four main ways: by the deposition of the weathered remains of other rocks; by the accumulation and the consolidation of sediments; by the deposition of the results of biogenic activity; and by precipitation from solution. Marcellus Shale is found throughout the Allegheny Plateau region of

Shale gas is a remarkable deposit of natural gas that is largely untapped because of the difficulty in obtaining it. Advanced petroleum extraction technics has made this untapped natural gas more lucrative. Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is the advanced technic of extracting gas from shale rock formation. The environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing have surpassed the endurance afforded it. This paper discusses the impact of fracking, the challenges of wastewater management, with a focus on

form or anther. Petroleum, coal and natural gas are the most produced and used energy sources. Mining technologies are required to obtain the raw materials of these energy sources from nature. The energy crisis is due to the limited amount of the natural storages of the energy resources. A higher production rate of the raw materials is desired so that more resources can be extracted to meet the demand. There have been conventional technologies for gas drilling for over 100 years. However the conventional

Eagle Ford Shale Play Introduction The Eagle Ford shale formation in south Texas has recently become the focus of many oil industry operators searching for new sources of hydrocarbons by using the latest technology in previously unexplored areas. This exploration enhances the development of even more advanced techniques as issues are identified and problems solved to address the unique properties of the formation and the surrounding surface environment. Even though a formation may be comprised of

region. Also, as a result of fracking being a relatively new source of natural gas, there has yet to be a significant number of studies analyzing the health effects caused by fracking even in regions that have allowed fracking for a number of years. The Marcellus Shale underlies Western Maryland along with New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia and is the United States’ largest on-shore natural gas reserve (Marcellus Shale Safe Drilling Initiative, 2015). Maryland is unique in its fracking regulations

Assessing Land Use Changes Due to Natural Gas Drilling and Operations in the Marcellus Shale in Bradford County, PA Natural gas began to be extracted from the Marcellus shale formation in the mid-2000s’, and now well pads and their associated infrastructures are now well known fixtures in the Appalachian Mountain regions. Marcellus Shale is an organically rich black shale which is currently being explored by drilling as a source of natural gas. The region in question encompasses most of the

as “fracking” or “hydrofracking.” It is a generally new technique for oil and gas extraction. Basically for shale gas and tight oil, including cracking of rock by a pressurized fluid. Even penetrating takes into account the infusion of very pressurized fracking liquids into shale rock layers profound inside the earth. After a well is drilled, it is cased with bond trying to guarantee groundwater security and the shale is using pressurized water broke with water, chemicals, sand and other fracking

demand for energy is fulfilled by different sectors (like Oil, Coal, Natural Gas, Hydro, Nuclear and others). Fossil fuels remain the dominant source of energy powering the world economy, supplying 60% of the energy increase out to 2035. Within that, gas looks set to become the fastest growing fossil fuel, spurred on by ample supplies and supportive environmental policies. 1.1 BACKGROUND From the advert of the modern oil and gas industry, petroleum geologists and engineers have followed a conventional

energy (coal, oil & natural gas, nuclear and major hydro) has grown at a rate of 2.6% over the last decade. In India, the growth rate of demand is around 6.8%, while the supply is expected to increase at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of only 1%. Of the total primary energy consumption basket, oil and gas constitute 45% share in the total energy basket mix. It is projected that even if we exploit hydropower potential to the fullest, even if there is a