Sodium hypochlorite

cooled after 25 minutes of heating, the top layer was pale violet red and the bottom layer was maroon. Furthermore the top layer took the larger volume of the flask, about tenfold the volume of the bottom layer. Isolation: with sodium carbonate and with water When the sodium carbonate was added, it vigorously reacted with the solution and caused the solution to start bubbling for about 4 minutes. When the reaction was completed, inside the separating fuel three separate layers were observed. The top

1. Introduction Heavy metals and their salts (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Co, Ni,) are widespread industrial pollutants. In the waters they come from natural sources (rocks, the surface layers of soil and groundwater), the wastewater of many industrial enterprises and rain (polluted with smoke emissions). Heavy metals, as trace elements, are constantly encountered in natural waters and aquatic bodies depending on the geochemical conditions. Heavy metals are quite stable and cannot be destroyed. Entering the

Fluid & Electrolyte Shifts in Health Adult Marathon Runner It is evident that healthy adults running a marathon that replaces with only free water will run into pathophysiology challenges that will affect performance. Adequate fluid intake is crucial for prolonged, strenuous exercises to maintain adequate hydration, thermoregulation, maintain plasma volume and avoid dehydration (Duvillard et al, 2004). Although athletes are prone to hydrate as much as they can during extensive marathons, research

Title: The Effect Temperature of Sodium Thiosulfate Has On The Rate of Reaction with Hydrochloric Acid Statement of Inquiry: What is the effect of changing a factor on the rate of chemical reaction? Aim: The aim of this experiment is to observe how by increasing the temperature of sodium thiosulfate in a solution with 2.0 molar Hydrochloric acid can affect the rate of reaction and the rate in which a precipitate is formed. Hypothesis: If the temperature of the sodium thiosulfate is increased, then

is to move sodium from the cytosol of the tubule cell into the surrounding interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. b. Describe the role of primary active transport with regard to potassium (K+) and hydrogen (H+) ion movement. As a secondary function it provides the driving force to move potassium and hydrogen ions from the interstitial fluid to the filtrate. c. Why is Na+ movement important with regard to movement across the membrane? The movement of sodium ions via active

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is able to conduct its own electrical impulses allowing it to contract and relax spontaneously without being told to by the brain or any other organ (Marieb, Mitchell, p. 512). This is due to the constant leakage of sodium ions into the mainly potassium filled cells which then eventually lead to action potentials causing the heart to beat rhythmically (Mariev, Mitchell, p.512) this rhythm is more commonly referred to as one’s heartbeat. From this BIOPAC laboratory

molecule and water is a polar molecule, which caused them not to mix. A small piece of sodium was dropped into the test tube. As soon as the sodium touched the water, it floated back up to the top, fizzing. Once at the top, it fell down and as soon as it touched the water again, it “jumped”. The more the sodium touched the water, the more the water turned pink (due to the pH indicator saying it was a basic solution). Sodium reacts with water, that’s the reason why it would jump up after touching it. The

differential. 2. What might put desert-dwellers in danger of developing hyponatremia? How can they avoid this danger? - Desert dwellers could potentially continue drinking water without ingesting enough sodium to keep the fluid around cells isotonic. Eating food with plenty of sodium or by adding salt to food so as to retain water. 3. Babies and small children are at much greater risk for developing hyponatremia than adults. Why is this? - This is because they have less cells in general

potassium in the blood interact with genetically caused abnormalities in sodium channels (pores that allow the passage of sodium molecules) in muscle cells, resulting in temporary muscle weakness and, when severe, in temporary paralysis. This disease may be caused by genetic defects in either the calcium channel or the sodium channel. Hypokalemic disease may be caused by genetic defects in either the calcium channel or the sodium channel (Medline Plus). PPS symptoms include periods of extreme muscle

fluid-electrolyte stability that results in an unusual low plasma sodium concentration. A continuous decrease in plasma sodium concentration upsets the osmotic balance across the blood-brain barrier, ensuing in an direct entry of water into the brain. This causes brain swelling and a flow of gradually more severe neurological responses such as confusion, seizure, coma which can result in death from break of the brainstem. The faster and lower the blood sodium falls, the greater the risk of life-threatening consequences