Solid

The process of recrystallization is used to purify solids of their impurities. The impurities are separated out because of the solubility differences of the product that is wanted and the impurities. One reason that the purifying process is important is because it is use for pharmaceutical and consumer products. The FDA uses recrystallization to test the purity of theses substances in small amounts to see if they follow their standards. Recrystallization is used as a technique in the pharmaceutical

substance corresponds to the average PE of its particles? Phase 5) List the three common states of matter in order of highest potential to lowest. Gas, liquid, solid e-Lab: 1) Open PhET simulation States of Matter. 2) The beginning

| Salman Ishaq 12-E | 1/27/2013 | | BACKGROUND As energy flows from a liquid, its temperature drops. The entropy, or random ordering of its particles, also decreases until a specific ordering of the particles results in a phase change to a solid. If energy is being released or absorbed by a substance remaining at the same temperature, this is evidence that a dramatic change in entropy, such as a phase change, is occurring. Because all of the particles of a pure substance are identical, they

Introduction: Melting point and Boling point are two fundamental physical properties that are commonly used to identify unknown compounds, to verify already known compounds, and to determine the purity of compounds.2 If the compound is a solid, the procedure for melting point determination is followed. However, if it is a liquid a boiling point technique must be performed, such as distillation or refluxing.2 The melting point determination consists of five major steps: obtain the sample and make

diagram (Fig. 2.9) of the alloy has been perfected by assuming solid line and liquid line are straight. Thus, the partition coefficient k can be given (Porter, Easterling and Sherif, 2009), k=C_S/C_L (2.13) and the volume fraction of the solid can be given, f_s=(C_L 〖-C〗_0)/(C_L 〖-C〗_S ) (2.14) where the solute composition in solid and liquid are CS and CL, respectively. Figure 2.9 A hypothetical

dimethylglyoxime to form a solid with nickel consisting of a compound Ni(dmg)2(s). A possible errors that could have occurred during the experiment was the removal of the nickel ion precipitate/ while removing supernatant in the second part of the experiment. This could have reduced the amount of precipitate and the addition of ammonia to the precipitate could have been affected. The results of the lab were conclusive and a nickel precipitate was formed. The goal of the lab was met and the solid precipitate of

Crystals: What Are They The study of crystals is called crystallography. A crystal is a solid that is made up of the numerous atoms or molecules being arranged in a specific repeating pattern. This ends up in the material having a specific shape and color, and having other characteristic. Crystals may be big or little, but in a way they are the same shape. If you take a look at the display of crystals in a lab. Salt and sugar are examples of crystals. Table salt has a cube-shaped structure. Snow

6.5. Pre-emulsifying extrusion in lipid nanoparticle preparation Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructure lipid carriers are among the most explored nano sized drug delivery systems. They posses potentials for myriad applications such as targeting DD, controlled DD, absorption enhancement (Müller, Radtke et al. 2002). They can be formulated in most of treatment routes, from topical dosage forms to brain drug delivery. Because of their lipophilic nature, lipid nanoparticles have great potential

1. Hot tear is an irreversible failure or crack formed in casting. It is commonly related to the inadequate compensation of solidification shrinkage by melt flow with the occurrence of thermal stresses. Controlling the right pouring temperature, prevention of rapid changes in section and consistency in cooling rates can be done as remedies to this phenomenon. 2. Die Casting is a manufacturing process that can create geometrically complex metal parts by using conveniently reusable molds that are commercially

Using a Digi Melt to find the melting point, then determining an appropriate solvent, the identity of an unknown solid was found, dissolved, gravity filtrated, and recrystallized to produce a pure solid. By preforming a boiling point test with a thermometer, capillary tube, and water bath, the identity of an unknown liquid was discovered Procedure: MACROSCALE UNKNOWN A Obtain macroscale unknown and weight out 1 gram *Mass = 1.0518 grams *Appearance: The compound was white, grainy, and appeared