Solvent

The definition of solubility is a property of a solid, liquid, or gas solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gas solvent. The two parts of a solution are the solvent and the solute. When a solute is dissolved, particles of the solute leave each other and become surrounded by particles of the solvent. In this lab, we tested stirring speed, concentration, particle size, and temperature and their effect on solubility. The question was, “How can you control the rate at which certain salts dissolve

acquire data which can be used to determine the best solvent for the recrystallization of benzoic acid. Next, potassium permanganate, an inorganic salt, will be dissolved in a variety of organic solvents, with the aid of phase transfer agents. First, the solubility of benzoic acid was tested. Four solvents, water, ethanol, acetone and hexanes, were used in an attempt to dissolve the solid compound. This was done by adding each respective solvent to a separate test tube of benzoic acid, then heating

conc.HCl,distilled water, anhydrous CaCl2. Introduction: Organic compounds in an aqueous mixture can be separated by shaking the aqueous solution with a solvent which is immiscible with water. Extraction involves dissolving either a compound or compounds from solid into a solvent or from solution into another solvent. Acid-alkaline extraction is a commonly

Solubility is the property of a chemical substance, in any state, to dissolve within an adequate solvent. Many chemical experiments in the lab will contain a solute in a solvent, therefore important to know the exact reactions that will ensue. Symmetry and polarity play crucial roles in the occurrence of solubility. A primary rule of “like dissolves like”, describes how molecules with the same symmetry are more likely to be soluble with each other. The same rule can be attributed to the tendencies

(Ethylacetate: hexane; 2:3). The reaction mass was cooled to RT. Then the solvent was completely evaporated under reduced pressure. Obtained a black colored product. It was purified by silica column chromatography (10:90 ethyl acetate: hexane) to get the compound (3a-d)

freezing waters that would kill many other animals, due to them lowering the freezing point of water inside their bodies. This is due to the colligative property of freezing point depression, a process in which adding a solute to a solvent lowers the freezing point of the solvent. A colligative property is a physical property that depends on the amount of solute in the solution, rather than the nature of the chemical structure. The overall goal of this experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown

substances  in  different  solvents,  looking  at  miscible  and  immiscible  pairs  of  liquids,  and   observing  the  solubility  of  organic  acids  and  bases.     Reference:  Pavia,  A  Small  Scale  Approach  to  Organic  Laboratory  Techniques  pp.  6-­‐9     Report:     Part  A     1) Results  in  table  form     Solvent:

soluble in organic solvents than in water. If the organic solvent is immiscible with water, then when the organic solvent dissolves organic molecules this solution forms a layer separate from the water layer forming two layers: an organic layer, and an aqueous layer. When the two layers are mixed together, small amounts of components from each layer will dissolve in the other layer, establishing an equilibrium between the two layers. In order to extract solute from solvent A to solvent B, several extractions

been considered as an alternative mean for gas/ liquid separation which have many advantages over conventional direct gas/ liquid techniques such as spray towers and packed/tray columns [6]. In this process, two phases gas phase and an absorbent solvent come into direct contact for mass transfer without the dispersion of one phase into the other due to the presence of the

5- When CuCl2 was used as a catalyst, the desired 2-aminonicotino-nitrile products (47) were obtained as a result of multicomponent reaction of O-pivaloylacetophenone oxime, benzaldehyde, and malonitrile in different solvents and different yield112, scheme 47. 6- The four component condensation of acetophenone, arylaldehydes, arylthiol, and malononitrile in the presence of non-ionic surfactants (Triton X-100, 5 mol%) afforded new derivatives of 4,6-diaryl-2-(arylthio)nicotinonitriles