Somite

Mark Jones Writing Assignment 3/5/2017 During the early stages of embryo development, a multitude of signals are being released, some of which specify a cell, such as the neural plate, somites, and notochord, to a dorsal fate. In earlier experiments done by Spemann and Mangold in 1924 that if the dorsal lip of the of the early gastrula was transplanted to a more ventral position in the embryo, the embryo would develop a new secondary axis. The study showed that the organizer respecified the original

EMT Epithelial Cells Epithelial cells are responsible for separating the human body from outside environment by forming a barrier usually line of ducts and organs. In two dimensional culture, epithelial cells form an intact cobblestone monolayer with high transepithelial electrical resistance. In three dimensional matrices such as collagen or matrigel, epithelial cells have a distinct cell polarity. The basal side of the epithelial cell attaches to the extracellular matrix through the basement

Throughout this discovery process there have been many questions that have guided the scientific community towards finding answers. One of the earlier questions was “how does the embryo take form and differentiate to become an organised organism?” This question began to be answered in 1924, when H Spermann and H mangold published a paper describing their experimentation with newt embryos. They discovered that by taking the dorsal lip and transferring it to the ventral side of a new embryo; it would

Kasie Bowermaster Due: 11/24/14 Effects of Caffeine on Brain Development The daily consumption and reliance on caffeine in the United States is increasing exponentially. Although many studies have demonstrated the negative effects caffeine imposes on the human body and brain development, there has been no notable decrease in society’s caffeine intake. A vast majority of the publicity that caffeine receives is based on the positive indicators that it can reduce the risks of other health factors. Caffeine

Elena Chung Current Issues in Toxicology TOX 2403 Dr. Sue M. Ford Saxitoxin Outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans may occur in epidemic extents after the consumption of mussels, clams, scallops or shellfish. This occurs because the relation to previous sporadic and unpredictable blooms of toxic protista passing their toxin via the food web to marine filter feeders, such as mollusks where the toxin accumulates in high concentrations in the digestive gland, hepatopancreas without

Rohon Beard cells (RBs) are transient neurons that are displayed in amphibians (Xenopus), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and other teleosts early in embryonic development. These cells were first described by two scientists independently of one another: Rohon (1894) and Beard (1896). RBs develop on the border between the epidermis and the neuroectoderm because they are a component of the peripheral nervous system. Along with their localization, RBs retain a number of morphological attributes that distinguish

Conversely, mesenchymal cells have front-rear polarity and generally lack cell-cell contact, allowing them to be motile. During human embryonic development, EMT is essential for the formation of a variety of tissues, including mesoderm, neural crest, somites, palate, pancreas, liver, reproductive tracts, and heart valves (Thiery et al. 2009; Yang and Weinberg 2008). After development, partial EMT also contributes to wound healing (Thiery et al. 2009). However, EMT can also play a more insidious role by

Site Plan | I. Neurons/nerve cells A neuron is a cell specialized to conduct electrochemical impulses called nerve impulses or action potentials. Neuron is the main cellular component of the nervous system, a specialized type of cell that integrates electrochemical activity of the other neurons that are connected to it and that propagates that integrated activity to other neurons. They are the basic information processing structures in the CNS.