Stan Marsh

These two studies investigated the effects of the April 2010 BP Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, and the observable effects that it has had on coral reef and salt marsh ecosystems. The study conducted by White investigated nine coral communities six months after the spill using ROVs. In an area 11 km west of the spill site, the researchers studied scleractinian, gorgonian, antipatharian corals and found many that were covered with floc, a brown flocculent material, that is linked to coral

are found amid human developments and coastal areas and play an important role in protecting these communities from the threats posed by being close to the coast. Depending on the density of vegetation, production of biomass, and the size of the marsh, salt marshes provide many critical ecosystem services, such as, stabilization of the shoreline, weakening of the waves, and reduction of floodwater (Shepard et. al. 2011). Wetlands include boreal peatlands and tropical mangroves. They provide

Abstract This study investigated the biodiversity at Lido Beach in Long Island. The objective was to investigate how biodiversity changed for areas away from human habitat. Salt marshes and wetland are under severe threat due to irresponsible actions on the part of humans. There needs to be an awareness and understanding in the general public as to the importance of these natural habitats and their significance to the general ecosystem. There is enough evidence to suggest the degradation has

the use of the land as a marsh. Since the land is turned into a marsh, the land cannot be used for agriculture or for human development such as buildings or transportation infrastructure. This serves as a major social drawback, as the human population continues to expand, people need land for living space and arable land for farming purposes. In addition, as the marsh deposits more peat material, there is a chance that the weight of the material being formed in the marsh will eventually cause primary

have high primary productivity (O 'Connor, Violin, Anton, Ladwig, & Piehler, 2011). Much like estuaries, salt marshes have a variety of different salinities. The environment of a salt marsh is dependent on the tides and the weather. The upper marsh has lower salinity due to low tidal inflow, whereas the lower marsh salinity is maintained by daily tidal inflow. However, variables such as heavy rain can affect both the upper and lower tidal zones. Salt marshes can also experience dry seasons where

sedimentation fields, defenses against erosion and often land use, salt marshes can be classified as semi-natural (Jan, P. Bakker 2014). The key reasons behind the notion that salt marshes are ‘natural’ environments are debated. On the one hand, “For a salt marsh to be classified as ‘natural’ it must feature undisturbed geomorphological conditions and have no history of direct management”, states Jan P. Bakker (2014). They must have a natural drainage system and no human disturbances. Alternatively, grazing

marshes are often imagined incorrectly. To some people, they might confuse a marsh to a swamp or to a wetland. Although relative, marshes are only a kind of wetland, which is land where the water level is close to the soil surface or covers the surface for at least part of the year. Marshes, specifically salt marshes, are lush, intertidal grasslands renowned for their productivity (Silliman 2014). Simply, a salt marsh is a coastal ecosystem of grasses characterized by poorly drained mineral soils

Introduction Salt marsh ecosystems are among the most productive ecosystems on earth and provide numerous ecosystem services (Ghorai & Sen, 2015; Charles & Dukes, 2009; Drociak, 2005). These services include biofiltration, gas regulation, carbon and nutrient retention, and physical protection of coastlines from storm surges and coastal flooding (Drociak, 2005; Sweat, 2009; FWC, 2016). Salt marshes act as nurseries and ensure habitat and resources for unique flora, fauna, and microbial communities

1.0Introduction Saltmarsh, known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open salt water or brackish water, and is widely recognized as significant components in providing essential natural resources and ecosystem services. For example, by reducing wave energy in front of tidal defences, saltmarsh provides demonstrable flood and coastal risk management benefits. It is of immerse value to wildlife, supporting habitats and

familial bonds, mortality, and unaffected love when the Wingo parents, Lila and Henry Wingo, thoughtlessly wreak havoc on the fragile lives of their children: Tom, Luke, and Savannah Wingo. It is a story of sand dollars, marsh tides, shrimp, marsh hens, meandering boats through the salt marsh of Colleton, and everything the South Carolina sun imprints upon permanently. Most importantly, The Prince of Tides is the story of Tom Wingo, a white Southern male, who represses his past until he reconciles with