Stoichiometry

Introduction There is a demand for artificial sweeteners because people want to control their intake of sugar. Saccharin, cyclamates, aspartame, as well as Dulcin, are some sugars that fulfill the need for sweeteners to be of low caloric content. Some of the sweeteners, such as Dulcin, are now considered to yield undesirable health effects with long term use. Dulcin is 250 times sweeter than table sugar. The synthesis of Dulcin was done in order to calculate the percent yield. The lesson of this

Simple Distillation, Gas Chromatography: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Introduction This experiment gave us the opportunity to work with a variety of new procedures as well as practice procedures that are new to us within the past few weeks of labs. Within the context of the scenario, we find that a distilling company that markets a popular banana liqueur is having problems. The banana plantation that they use to create their banana extract was hit hard by a hurricane and their reserves

SYNTHESIS OF TRANS-9-(2-PHENYLETHENYL) ANTHRACENE (A WITTIG REACTION) Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to convert carbonyl compounds to alkenes using Wittig reaction. In this case we will be synthesizing Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene from benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 9-anthraldehyde. We will also aim to obtaining a high percent yield and purity for the synthesis of Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene. The mechanism for this reaction goes thus:

Experiment #10 & #11 The Synthesis of Cobalt Oxalate Hydrate The Synthesis of a Nitrite Complex   February 5, 2012   Chemistry 1211L - 146 - Spring 2012   Procedure The Synthesis of Cobalt Oxalate Hydrate Place 100 ml of distilled water in a 250-ml (or 400-ml) beaker. Add 1.26g of oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4.2H2O) and 1 ml of concentrated ammonia. Stir the mixture until the solid has dissolved completely. Dissolve 2.34 g of cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2.6H2O) in 100 ml of water

Lab #24- Preparation 4-Methylcyclohexene Introduction: The goals in this lab were to have a reaction occur with 4-methylcyclohexanol and an acid catalyst to form our product of 4-methylcyclohexene via an E1 reaction. This reaction is accomplished by removing the –OH group on 4-methylcyclohexanol via dehydration and to have a double bond form via a loss of a hydrogen on a β-Carbon. Many techniques and skills were developed in this lab. Among them were dehydration, isolation, drying

The reaction characteristics of basic copper carbonate 〖mCuCO〗_3⋅n〖Cu(OH)〗_2 were observed by changing the reaction mole ratio. The reaction mole ratio of sodium carbonate to copper chloride (II) was controlled from 1.08 to 1.68. Fig. 1 shows the XRD patterns of copper carbonate powder. At a reaction ratio of 1.08, paratacamite (Cu_2 Cl(OH)_3 ), beside alkali copper carbonate, was formed because of incomplete reaction at a copper content of 53.9 wt%. Lack of sodium carbonate may cause incomplete

Physical properties are observable without changing the identity of the substance. Examples of physical properties would be; size, shape, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, density, etc. Chemical properties aren’t observable without changing the identity of the substance. Examples of chemical properties would be; flammability, creating gas bubbles, creating new chemical product, rusting, etc. In a physical change the identity of the substance doesn’t change. But in a chemical change the

Experiment 1: Synthesis and Recrystallization of Adipic Acid Aim The current experiment sought to prepare 1,6-hexanedioic acid (adipic acid) by catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst (Aliquat 336), using sodium tungstate as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Introduction The carbon-carbon double bond of alkenes represents a site that has a high electron intensity. This site is susceptible to oxidation. Depending on the conditions or reagents used

Before the start of this experiment, the theoretical yield was calculated. Based off the data, it was found that the limiting reagent is 3-nitrobenzaldehyde. The theoretical yield is determined by relating the moles of the limiting reagent to the moles of the anticipated product by a ratio obtained from the overall equation. The theoretical yield was calculated to be 1.3 g. However, the actual yield obtained was greater than the theoretical yield; in other words, the actual mass of the product was

bstract * TERMS* The objective of this lab was to find the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. In order to produce magnesium oxide. In this experiment, magnesium reacted in an oxygen-rich environment while inside of a crucible. The masses before and after the oxidation were both measured. The masses that were resulted were then used to calculate the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. The simplest whole-number in the form of a ratio in which atoms join and form a compound is known as the empirical