Striatum

Do you remember the time you had learned to ride a bike? Do you understand how you can still ride a bike every day? The answer is called Procedural Memory. Procedural memory is a step-like process of how to do the important work that you decide every day. It is connected with long term memory and is the most basic form of memory. Procedural memory is usually part of an implicit memory. Procedural memory refers to the sensory motor skills by repeating the actions over and over. The procedural memory

Abstract Huntington’s disease is an autosomal, dominant inherited disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion at the amino-terminal on the huntingtin protein. It causes a progressive degeneration of spiny nerve cells in the striatum and cortex of the brain, impairing a person’s functional and cognitive abilities. Polyglutamine repeats of 36 are found to be non-threating but sequences containing an additional two or three repeats are associated with Huntington’s disease. According to aggregation

assists in the learning of new skills. Again, according to Niemann (1966), skills are “ acquired by repeated representation of the same stimulus until the task is correctly stored and accessed in memory and then learnt.” Niemann (1966) states that the striatum and neocortex control this kind of memory, and in autistic children, another kind of developmental disorder, without the diagnosis of mental retardation, these would be

contributed to the delay in social development in children with pediatric BPD (Wegbreit, Weissman, Cushman, Puzia, Kim, Leibenluft, & Dickenstein, 2015) The ventral striatum is a region in the brain that includes the nucleus accumbens and portions of the putamen and caudate; closely linked to these structures in the ventral striatum is the globus pallidus. It’s been discovered that excessive overactivation in the globus pallidus occurs in BPD adults, specifically during manic episodes (Strakowski

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease where nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra degenerate. Patients with PD will suffer from tremors, problems in locomotion and eventually total akinesia. Often aside from drug therapy (i.e. L-DOPA), the surgical addition of deep brain stimulation (DBS) often provides tremor reliefs. Recent studies have shown that intrastriatal transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissues increased the survival of the dopaminergic

mediate human hedonic or pleasurable experiences brain reward and reinforcement system is believed to be essential for survival of the individual and species. The system includes peptides and hormones, the DA system in the ventral tegmental area and striatum, and cortical areas that process affect, motor and cognitive information. Food affects first multiple peripheral and central mechanisms that directly and indirectly convey information to the brain’s DA reward pathway. In contrast,

prefrontal cortex is one pf the key node of social cognition which requires mentalizing ability. Hypothesize that perceiving active listening generates positive feelings through mentalizing that represented in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Recognizing active listening behavior is directed toward emotional episode that changes the emotional appraisal of someone episodes and is escorted by a positive impression of the evaluator. When conducting a behavior database is would help us to

In the case of the “off” center response, the Rod is not exposed to light and therefore, Rhodopsin does not absorb the light photon and the GPCR does not activated Transducin. For this case, since Transducin is not activated, there becomes an increase in intracellular [cGMP]. The cGMP molecules are able to bind to the cGMP-gated sodium channels subsequently causing a net flux of sodium inside the photoreceptor. This net influx causes a graded action potential to fire in the photoreceptor. This action

Case Study Question #1: What are your initial observation of the patient? Include name, age, marital status, profession, behavior, etc. The patient, a single 33-year-old female has a job requiring the use of her hands for typing. Upon entering the room, the patient had poor posture and an unsteady gait. After she took a seat, rapid and jerky involuntary movements began to occur and there were also problems speaking and swallowing when she tried to take a sip of water. The patient also mentioned that

unreasonable decisions. Dopamine is released when something makes an individual feel good and levels of dopamine rise during adolescence. When a teen is presented with risky decisions, scientists have seen that a part in the brain known as the ventral striatum kicks