Sub-replacement fertility

age dependency ratio will change to 2:1, meaning that for every two people of working age there will be one aged 65 or older. The scale of the aging population is compounded by the region’s low fertility, with member states averaging 1.5 children per childbearing woman in 2004, well below the replacement rate. Carone, et al. (2005) point out that there are cultural and structural reasons for this, including high usage of birth control; higher female education attainment and

reduce or delay the shortage. On the positive side, such a shortage increases the demand for labor, which can potentially result in a reduced unemployment rate as well as higher wages. As the birthrate in developed countries drops well below the “replacement rate” of 2.1 children born to every woman, to somewhere between 1.1 and 1.4 children — the declining population will have severe consequences in the near and distant future. Demographic decline causes anxiety because it is thought to go hand-in-hand

a) Study a country on how and why its population has aged rapidly during the last 40 or 50 years, and analyze its consequences. Japan’s graying population: The reasons behind it, steps taken to curb it and the implications of an aging society Introduction Japan has seen rapid development from the times of Meiji Restoration (1868) up till today. In fact, it has grown more rapidly than any other countries from 1870 to 1994 (Nafziger,1995) because of the various economic policies its government had

1. Stalled Demographic Transition in Nigeria As countries become wealthier and make medical advancements, decline in fertility and mortality rates follow. This demographic transition—usually coupled by industrialization and economic development—is divided into four different stages. The first stage is categorized by equally high birth and death rates, producing a relatively young population. Growth is limited by drought, disease, and food supply, rather than by family planning. In the second stage

Challenges for a Rising China,” discusses adversities that are brought by China’s decisions on managing its huge population. She introduces three main issues China faces: switch from villages to urban societies, higher divorce rates, and sub-replacement fertility. Via her writing, Davis introduces rules imposed by Chinese government in efforts to mitigate the negative effects of these issues on not only its country but the citizens themselves and analyzes

The Demographic Transition Model is a simplification for the conventional process of shifts in population growth in our world’s countries. The Demographic Transition Model, also known as DTM, is derived from Great Britain’s model of their demographic cycle between the 1750s and the 1900s. It consists of five different stages, with the phases being low growth, increasing growth, population explosion, decreasing growth, and declining population. These phases are defined by a triple line graph of the

increase of fertility rate that led to poverty was once done because Nigeria was agriculturally based and needed more people for farming. This led to rapid growth and to stop this, family planning was introduced in the 1970s but the money and attention on family planning later averted to Africa’s AIDS problems. Although Nigeria’s replacement fertility rate had decreased, it is still quite high and with an extremely young population, that can cause major problems. According to statistics, “Sub-Saharan

The theory has explained human population evolution relatively well in Europe and other highly developed countries. Many developing countries have moved into stage 3. The major exceptions are poor countries, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa (Nigeria, Benin, Mali, Niger amongst others) and some Middle Eastern[->9] countries, which are poor or affected by government policy or civil strife, notably Pakistan[->10], Palestinian Territories[->11], Yemen[->12] and Afghanistan[->13]

POPULATION GROWTH The absence of virtually any reliable current demographic data has not prevented national and international bodies from generating estimates and projections of population and population growth in Nigeria. The World Bank estimate of Nigeria's 1990 population was 119 million, with an estimated annual growth rate of 3.3 percent. Although other sources differed on the exact figure, virtually all sources agreed that the annual rate of population growth in the country had increased from

Overpopulation is a major challenge that humans face today. The human population is close to 8 billion, and at our current birthrate, we are adding nearly one billion more people every 12 years. Issues such as dependence of natural resources, degradation of the environment, poverty, and unemployment, are root causes of overpopulation. Though opponents of this theory, such as Erle C. Ellis uses archeological records, and the history of human evolution to argue against overpopulation. Robert Walker