Substitution

Nucleophilic Substitution Samantha Gutierrez Nucleophilic Substitution Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to investigate how different factors affect the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactions. SN2 reactions proceed via a one step mechanism in which the incoming nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon center from the opposite side of the leaving group. This reaction mechanism implies that the stereochemistry of a chiral center will be inverted. SN1 reactions proceed via two steps, slow

Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution is the substitution of one functional group for another functional group. The substitution is made at a saturated carbon atom. A saturated carbon is a carbon atom that is sp3-hybridized. For a compound to be considered a nucleophile they must possess certain properties. Nucleophiles must contain at least one pair of non-bonding electrons and be neutral or have a negative charge. Through nucleophilic substitution the non-bonding electrons are donated to the

Lab Report 9: SN1 and SN2 Mechanisms: Nucleophilic Substitution Raekwon Filmore CM 244 Section 40 March 27, 2018 Introduction: For this week’s experiment, involved nucleophilic substitution of SN1 and SN2 reactions. On two separate days, SN2 was done first followed by SN1 being done in the next lab. The substitution of one group from a saturated sp3 hybridized carbon atom is typically a reaction that is used to interconvert different functional groups. In this reaction in particular, nucleophiles

A unimolecular nucleophilic substitution of t-amyl alcohol should be done to convert into t-amyl chloride through extraction and simple distillation. A concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the reactant to force the reaction to take place. Infrared spectroscopy was utilized to verify that the contents of the tert-amyl chloride should be different from the starting material. In this reaction, a rate-determining step should occur through the ionization between carbon and –OH bond to form an

Identifying Substitution Reactions of Strong Nucleophilic Compounds and Polar Protic Solvents with Analytical and Experimental Instruments Oshi Bonhomme, Courtney Lasher, Olivia Trusty* Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, IUPUI, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN 46202 otrusty@indiana.edu The three reactions investigated through various experimental testing contain an alcohol leaving group positioned on primary or secondary carbons. The substitution method (SN1 or SN2) used in the

The nucleophilic substitution SN1/SN2 typically occur in a competitive regime. There are various conditions that define the predominant reaction mechanism taking place. Since SN1 leads to the racemic mixture, SN2 is more popular in asymmetric organic synthesis. So, detailed computational studies of model SN2 reactions have been carried out during the last three decades[2-6, 9]. The influence of solvation of the nucleophile with several common solvents on the rate constant of the reactions F-(Sn)

Substitution and Elimination Reactions Substitution reactions replace a functional group with a new group. These reactions compete with elimination reactions in which a group is eliminated and a π (pi) bond is formed. Substitution reactions occur when a nucleophile is added to an electrophile/substrate. Elimination reactions occur when a base is added to an electrophile/substrate. The electrophile must contain a leaving group to be considered a substrate. Alkyl Halides Alkyl Halides are the common

This paper was written in order to relate nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2) with reactions that involved converting alcohol-containing compounds to alkyl halides. This experiment was conducted by combining the initial alcohol with reagents and heating under reflux when necessary. It was determined that mechanistic pathways of substitution depend principally on the structure of the initial alcohol; that is, substrate is considered primary, secondary, or tertiary. Synthesis of 1 (46%)

In this experiment, a nucleophilic substitution was performed, where a chloride nucleophile substituted a tertiary hydroxyl group on 2-methyl-2-butanol. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, an electron rich nucleophile attacks a positively or partially positively charged electrophile, and replaces a leaving group. In this reaction, chloride ions are the nucleophile, the tertiary carbon in 2-methyl-2-butanol is the electrophile, and water is the leaving group. In the mechanism for this reaction

The Diel-Alder/Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Cascade Reaction Introduction The Diels-Alder reaction was discovered and named after the Nobel Prize winning scientists Kurt Alder and Otto Diels in 1928. Such a reaction occurs when a diene with two adjacent double bonds is mixed with a dienophile consisting of a double bond in order to create a cyclohexene. The diene must be in the s-cis conformation in order for the electron transfer to engage correctly. If the diene in question is in s-trans conformation