Substitution

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Objective The objective of this experiment was to illustrate electrophilic aromatic substitution by synthesizing p-nitroanilide (as well as ortho) from acetanilide by nitration. The para form was separated from the ortho form based on solubility properties using recrystallization techniques. Synthetic equations: Physical Properties & Hazards of Reagents/Products: (all taken from Sigma-Aldrich website) Acetanilide MM = 135.16 g/mol Melting point =

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Preparing Methyl m-nitrobenzene Shultz, Joshua T. Chemistry 2210L Data Table 1. Mass and volumes of reagents and recovered product with experimental melting point. Reagents Mass/Volume Methyl Benzoate 1.50 mL Concentrated H2SO4 4.0 mL Concentrated HNO3 2.0 mL Products Mass Methyl m-nitrobenzoate 2.5607 g Experimental Melting Point 64-70 °C Results and Calculations Equation 1. Balanced reaction for nitration of methyl benzoate. Calculation 1. Theoretical

CH 220C – Organic Chemistry Lab Experiment 13: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Bromobenzene and Relative Rates of Reaction Rodan Devega Introduction Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions involve the replacement of a hydrogen atom bonded to an aromatic compound by an electrophile. The rate and direction of the EAS reaction depends on the functional groups present on the aromatic compound. The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize bromonitrobenzene by reacting

Objective The objective of the experiment was to prepare a yield of tert-butylchloride through a unimolecular (SN1) nucleophilic substitution reaction. Procedure Part A- Preparation of tert-Butyl Chloride • A test tube was acquired, and 7 mL of concentrated HCl were added to this test tube through a graduated cylinder, this was done in the fume hood in order to avoid any noxious fumes from the sample, which were observed when pouring in the concentrated HCl. After adding the HCl, a glass pipet

Action taken Cost justification Immediate first aid. £20 It would not have taken the ambulance over 25 minutes to land at the scene, be that as it may anything under 30 minutes yet over 1 minute is adjusted to the cost of 30 minutes, much else besides 30 minutes yet not as much as a hour is adjusted to the cost of 60 minutes. Making the area secure and safe. £300 The region must be made secure for the crisis administrations to touch base at and help the person who is harmed. Taking the injured

Import Substitution Industrialization and infant industry development are the following: Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) as an economic development strategy was pioneered and grew out of the belief, “markets alone could not be relied upon to provide the physical capital and set up industries necessary for development,” (Demir, 2017). According to Demir (2017), “the pioneers of development economics viewed underdevelopment as a lack of capital which determined a very low labor productivity

Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Definition Government strategy that emphasizes replacement of some agricultural or industrial imports to encourage local production for local consumption, rather than producing for export markets. Import substitutes are meant to generate employment, reduce foreign exchange demand, stimulate innovation, and make the country self-reliant in critical areas such as food, defense, and advanced technology. What Does Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

Substitution and Income Effects   Abstract This paper examines the effects of gasoline price increase over the period of a summer. It looks at the income effect and substitution effect of different scenarios to determine how the author should best make up the difference in cost based on the same income. Seven scenarios are examined; driving less, eating out less, less spent on maintenance, public transportation, bicycle, no vacation and fewer extra expenses. Using graphs to demonstrate the

import substitution. However, sometimes export promotion also becomes a prominent part of country 's economic policy. Unfortunately, Pakistan has never had a consistent, coherent and well-articulated trade policy. Trading patterns have closely followed a cycle defined by a major departure from and return to protectionist import substitution policies. For Pakistan, import substitution strategy failed to boost up the economic performance of the country. Although, the policy of import substitution has

are G to A nucleotide substitutions. Consequently, these nucleotide substitutions result in three amino acid substitutions; arginine to cysteine, glycine to aspartic acid, and glycine to glutamic acid, respectively . All three mutations occur within the collagen domain changing its ability to oligomerize (the mutant forms). The wild-type is termed allele “A” while the structural variants B, C and D are often gathered and referred to as zero (0) . Despite their uneven distribution in human populations