Superconductors Essay

Bringing Silver Value Back on Track Silver is a precious metal with a wide array of uses. Silver value has been an acknowledged standard since ancient times when it was the major currency of trade. Although silver value has diminished over the recent times, it still plays a major role in the international market today. The first known source of silver is believed to be the mines around Anatolia, now known as Turkey, in 4000 BC. This supplied the flourishing cultures around Greece, Crete, and the

The element Niobium has had an intriguing story, one that continues to this day. In 1734, the first governor of Connecticut, John Winthrop, found a new mineral and named in columbite. He then sent it to a museum in Britain. This new mineral rested in the British museum until 1801 when English Chemist Charles Hatchett decided to analyze columbite. Hatchett determined there was an element in columbite, yet he was unable to isolate it. However, he soon found the element Columbium, after the mineral

Nonmetal Silicon The second most abundant element on Earth is the nonmetal silicon, which makes up about 28 percent of the Earth's crust. It occurs only in such combined forms as silica (silicon dioxide) and silicate rocks and minerals. The most common form of silica is quartz, which includes sand and flint. Silicates are salts in which silica is combined with oxygen and other elements

Introduction Transportation is one of the most essential spheres of human’s life in such aspects as economic growth, communication, tourism, and utilization of space. Thence, it is very important for it to have minimal effect on the environment, be safe, cheap, comfortable, and fast in use. Conventional transport, such as trains and airplanes, causes a number of problems including air pollution, high amounts of energy consumption, huge need of maintenance, high prices, and risks of safety, thus not

Element research: Element 39- Yttrium The rare earth mineral/element yttrium is a soft-silvery, crystalline transition metal, which is naturally found stable in the half-life isotope form of 89Y (1). The element is found on the periodic table in group 3, and period 5, with an atomic number of 39, and can be considered ductile, odorless, lustrous, fairly reactive, and soluble in hot water (1, 2). Not only does this element have a hexagonal crystal structure, it has an atomic mass of 88.906u

Magnetic Levitation Trains "Magnetic Levitation Trains, why should they be implemented in the United States?" Whenever individuals talk about trains, a few ideas pop into one’s mind. These include the railway tracks that provide runways for the wheels, the noise associated with them and the long heavy carriages that they pull. Utilizing the words ‘Magnetic Levitation’ in relation to trains may seem like a peculiar idea. Why? Levitation can be described as the act of raising an object upward in

Since it does not run on the conventional use of coal but rather on superconductors the locomotive would not haphazardly shut down. Thus, providing a more scheduled travel for the public. One of the detrimental issues would be that maglevs are unable to run on the current rail tracks and would therefore have to be rebuilt which

20.1 PCB BOARD A printed circuit board, or PCB, is worn to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components by means of conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. Printed circuit boards are used in virtually all but the simplest commercially produced electronic devices. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed

Introduction The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been a driving force in both research and industry through advancing technologies and defining the future through innovation. This government agency specifically has four mission directorates to organize various fields of study and to further propel the spread of knowledge: Aeronautics Research, Human Exploration and Operations, Science, and Space Technology. Specifically under the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate

evidence for M-theory is difficult to obtain since, in essence, it would require ultra-sensitive detection of something smaller than a quark. However, an eleven-dimensional calculation has been used to explain the behavior of high-temperature superconductors that is simpler than a typical four-dimensional quantum theory is able to provide (Campbell). This provides evidence for the mathematics of String Theory in real-world circumstances that may one day extend to explain the fundamental forces. While