Supercritical fluid

Supercritical fluids (SCFs) exist at temperatures above the liquid-vapor critical temperature and have densities between liquid and vapor states. The advantages of supercritical fluids as environmentally benign solvents arise from their non-toxicity, non-combustibility, availability and possibilities for modulating physical and chemical properties through minor changes of temperature or pressure. These fascinating features of SCFs lead to their important potentials as green alternatives to toxic

INNOVATION OF HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS FRON THE PAST & PRESENT Traditional Hydrothermal Synthesis since the end of the 19th century, hydrothermal synthesis of inorganic materials has been carried out. It is defined as the precipitation of these materials from aqueous solutions at temperatures above the boiling point and at pressures greater than ambient pressure. This method is actually environmentally because it does not require any organics or additional processing such as calcinations. That is

Essential oils are natural products formed in aromatic plants which are characterized by unique features of odor and flavor for their own benefits such as protection or attraction (7). The oils are accumulated in cells, located in tiny secretory structures or in glandular hairs of the plant. The interior of the stomatal cells is typically the location of where the essential oils are found. While they are located within the plant, essential oils are continuously altering their chemical composition

includes the partition of restoratively dynamic segments of plant or creature tissues from the idle or latent parts by utilizing particular solvents as a part of standard extraction strategies. The items so acquired from plants are generally polluted fluids, semisolids or powders expected just for oral or outside use. These incorporate classes of arrangements known as decoctions, implantations, liquid removes, tinctures, pilular (semisolid) separates and powdered concentrates. Such arrangements famously

Hydraulic jump occurs when the supercritical flow occurs in a channel of which normal flow condition is subcritical. h2/h1 = ½ (√(1+8F12 )- 1) (4) The Froude number is calculated using this equation: F1 = √(q2/gh12) (5) The hydraulic jump, also known as standing wave, is a rapid transition from supercritical flow to subcritical flow. The transition is generally a turbulent process with a significant energy

Title: How Lava Flows Background: Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow. For example water would have a low viscosity while syrup has high. The higher temperature the lower viscosity and the lower temperature the higher viscosity. Cold syrup will move slower than hot syrup because the molecules are more tightly packed together while hots are very loose and free. Silica will cause the syrups viscosity to increases, so the more silica it has the more the viscosity will increase. If water is added

essentially fluid friction and transforms kinetic energy of motion into heat energy, just as friction (“the force between surfaces in contact that resists their relative tangential motion”) does between

and achieved a leak-proof seal (Figure 3.5(b)). Magnetic latching allowed the SEAM platform to be easily sealed and resealed as needed. The tubing was connected to the channel using a barbed fitting (McMaster), and a syringe pump was used to control fluid flow (Harvard Apparatus). The magnetic latching mechanism was sufficient to create a seal that could withstand the maximum

cornstarch, 50% water and 50% cornstarch, and 25% water and 75% cornstarch), then the 25% water and 75% cornstarch mixture will create the non-Newtonian fluid with the highest level of viscosity because the mixture is made of particles of cornstarch suspended in water, therefore, the more particles there are, the harder it will be to shear the fluid. Data that was measured from this experiment supports the stated hypothesis. Trial one provided insight to the experiment. For the control, the marble

Research Question: What is the effect of the amount of pineapple in gelatin on the viscosity of that gelatin by measuring the mass of pineapple added (g) as a function of the viscosity (s) of the gelatin after 5 hours of refrigeration? Background Research: Gelatin is a protein that is composed of byproducts of animal bones, tendons and ligaments ("What is gelatin made"). These specific parts of the body (connecting tissues) are made up of a protein called collagen ("Why can't you put pineapple")