Surfactant

CLINICAL CLARIFICATION o Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in neonates is a heterogeneous syndrome most often caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency in the lungs. [1,2] CLASSIFICATION o Acute respiratory distress syndrome can be classified into three exclusive categories based on the degree of hypoxemia: [1]  Mild (200 mm Hg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mm Hg)  Moderate (100 mm Hg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mm Hg)  Severe (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mm Hg) DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL PRESENTATION History o Most commonly

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), “is a developmental deficiency in surfactant synthesis accompanied by lung immaturity and hypoperfusion” (Blackburn, 2013, p. 342). Based on the above scenario, there are so many factors that could lead to surfactant deficiency and I would like to discuss on three factors like preterm birth, poorly controlled diabetes, and cesarean section as the reasons for RDS. First factor that places this infant at risk for RDS is being a preterm infant. Normally the lungs

a common lung disorder that mostly affects preterm infants. RDS is caused by insufficient surfactant production and structural immaturity of the lungs leading to alveolar collapse. Clinically, RDS presents soon after birth with tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, hypercapnia, and/or an oxygen need. The usual course is clinical worsening followed by recovery in 3 to 5 days as adequate surfactant production occurs. Research in the prevention and treatment of this disease has led to major

raises a number of issues frequently encountered in daily nursing practice. Within this assignment, I will be discussing a particular pre term baby with RDS and critically analyse the use of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (NCPAP) and surfactant therapy and possible effects on baby’s outcome. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain patient confidentiality in order to keep in with the nursing and midwifery council code of conduct. (NMC 2004)The

Introduction With almost 200 billion barrels of technically recoverable oil reserves located in the United States alone, it is not surprising why so many companies are adopting enhanced oil recovery techniques in everyday operations (“Total energy”, 2012). Oil production can be broken down into three main components: primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery. Primary recovery is when the well is first drilled and the natural pore pressure of the rock squeezes hydrocarbons out of the pore space.

In this multicenter, randomized trial involving extremely preterm infants, there was no significant difference between a strategy of early CPAP and limited ventilation and a strategy of early intubation and surfactant administration within 1 hour after birth with respect to the rate of the composite primary outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We used the physiological definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, since it includes as a specification an attempt to withdraw supplemental oxygen

dates. It usually develops in the first 24 hours after birth. RDS is more common in premature infants because their lungs aren't able to make enough surfactant. Surfactant is a liquid that is produced from the alveolar type two cells and coat the inside of the lungs. It breaks up the surface tension found within in the alveoli. Without enough surfactant, the alveoli will stick together and the lungs will collapse, which means the infant has to work much harder to be able to breathe. He or she might

Daniel Horuzsko 1. Effectiveness of Epinephrine Therapy on Surfactant Production in Type II Alveolar Cells of COPD patients 2. Introduction: Multiple mechanisms are involved leading to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), which include a disproportion between the proteolytic and anti-proteolytic activity of lung tissue, a large influx of inflammatory cells, apoptosis of structural lung cells, and oxidative stress (Demedts et al., 2006). This condition involves an airway

administration which improves patient compliance. In the current study the effect of sugar carrier type (trehalose as non-reducing and maltose as reducing sugar), hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration (0%, 0.02% and 0.04%) and adding tween 80 as surfactant on physicochemical stability and aerosol performance of spray freeze dried salmon calcitonin was investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that cyclodextrin concentration had the most important effect on powder’s

infant lacks surfactant at the time of premature birth, surfactant administration you would think would be ideal for helping treat infant respiratory distress syndrome which can lead to BPD. Surfactant administration has been shown to be effective in neonates without prolonged need for mechanical ventilation, while the timing of surfactant administration may reduce the development of BPD, if given early in the course of treatment (Deakins, 2009, p. 1256). The administration of surfactant is not only