Synapse

its terminals and towards neighboring neurons. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles inside the terminal button of the axon; the vesicles are transported to the edge of the button and the neurotransmitters released into the synaptic gap. In the synapse, neurotransmitters can bind with a receptor site on the next neuron if the receptor site is the right type and is vacant. This is often described by a lock and key analogy, in that the neurotransmitters (like keys) can only fit into certain receptor

alternative Ca2+ encoding. This different encoding activates a protein phosphatase which induces a protein cascade that will dephosphorylate and remove APMA receptors from the neural membrane. This deregulation of AMPA receptors weakens the neural synapse and thereby results in the elimination of the

nothing Part 1 1. _Actin__ Th in contractile protein involved in cross-bridge formation, comes in filamentous or globular forms. 2. _Synaptic vesicles__ Store neurotransmitters, and following a Ca2+ driven signal, dump neurotransmitters into the synapse. 3. _synaptic terminal__ Th e structure at the end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters and vesicles. 4. _sacromere__ Th e functional unit of the muscle fiber that includes the A-band, I-band, H-zone and the M-line. 5. _sodium__ Th e

What happens during synaptic transmission ? Well what occurs during synaptic transmission is most communication between neurons occurs at a specialized structure called a synapse this is an area where two neurons come close enough to touch another. they are able to pass chemical signals from one cell to another.the neurons are not actually connected but they are separated by microscopical small space called the synaptic cleft. The neuron were the signal is initiated is called the presynaptic neuron

Introduction The human brain is a very complex organ in its composition and the way it functions. The brain forms one of the main components of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the other is the spinal cord. The brain’s tissue consists of gray matter where neurons’ cell bodies are concentrated with their dendrites and glial cells, and white matter where the myelinated nerve fibers are bundled. The function of the brain varies from sensory perception, language and maintenance of balance to

Glia was know just to be support cells, but scientist have discovered that they serve a bigger purpose in the function of the nervous system. Three major categories of glia are: astroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia. Neurons contains a fluid known as extracellular fluid which also contains charged particles called ions. (can be + or -) Ions are located in cytoplasm, which gives neurons an electrical charge when a neuron is not sending a message, known as the resting potential (-). Ion channels

Aggression plays a significant role in the survival of many organisms. Studies have shown that aggression may be an evolved behavior to overcome certain adaptive problems (Buss & Duntley, 2006; Buss & Shackelford, 1997). Aggression is often used to acquire resources, protect mates and offspring, and to warn off predators and to hunt prey. Even though, aggression has proved to be useful for the survival of many organisms it is still a costly behavior to express. Aggression can often result in the

Question 1: Electron communication is a lot like sending messages through today’s technology. When a neuron is stimulated, it sends an impulse from dendrites down its axon. The impulse is the same in that it fires at one strength and speed, the only difference is in the number of impulses sent. The impulse that is sent is what we call the action potential. A weak stimulus will trigger less frequent action potentials, while a intense stimulus will increase the frequency of action potentials. The

Neurotransmitters communicate by transmitting signals from a neuron to a target cell through a synapse. Before this communication can happen, the neurotransmitter must be synthesized and stored in vesicles so that when an action potential arrives, the cell is ready to fuss with the membrane of the neuron. When the synaptic vesicle is ready, the final triggering of vesicle fusion with the presynaptic terminal membrane occurs rapidly in response to the action potential invasion of the terminal. This

QUESTION 1 Describe in detail, the simple changes in synapses that happen during classical conditioning. Discuss the extent to which all forms of learning can be explained by these simple synaptic synaptic changes. The brain’s ability to learn, to change in response to experience and to store/retrieve learning through memory it is a fascinating process fundamental to one’s existence. The first scientific study of animal learning demonstrated a form of associative learning - classical