Tillage

engaged in tillage farming. Cereal crops are the main output led by barley, wheat, and oats. They also produce oilseed rape, maize, sugar beets, beans, peas, and potatoes. Between 2000 and 2010 Ireland recorded the highest wheat and Barley yields in the world according to John Spink. Principal crops in 1999 included barley at 1,278,00 tons, sugar beets at 1,712,000 tons, potatoes at 559,000 tons, wheat at 597,000 tons, and oats at 136,000 tons.Farms that grow cereal crops are called tillage farms.

The plough is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture. The primary purpose of ploughing is to turn over the upper layer of the soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface, while burying weeds and the remains of previous crops, allowing them to break down. It also aerates the soil, and allows it to hold moisture better. In

INTRODUCTION In Canada, rural population has declined significantly in the last 160 years from about 88% share in 1851 to about 18% share in 2011 (Statistics Canada, 2012). In 2011, the rural population was about 6.3 million which is about 18.8 % of the entire population (33,476,688) at that time. The shift from agriculture to industrialization has been identified as one of the factors contributing to decline in rural population in Canada (Statistics Canada, 2013). The advent of Industrialization

discusses the benefits of no-till farming with comparisons and studies that suggest the benefits of the no-till system. This paper takes an in depth look at the history of tillage, as well as the topics of nutrients, mulch and stabilization, habitat, aggregation and aeration, and the nutrient cycle. Although in some cases tillage may have similar results when compared to the no-till system, implementation of the right cover crop on a given soil reduces evaporation, limits water and nutrient leeching

In order to analyze the effect of different tillage methods on the amounts of treflan herbicide controlling weed in experimental seeding canola farms a test in the form of the factorial experiment was done as Randomized complete Block design in 4 frequencies and 9 treatments in DEZFUL Agriculture and industry Martyr Beheshti in farming year 2007-2008. Results of the test showed that ratings of herbicide treflan on sevevel weed of Berseem- clover has been meaningful at a level of 5 percent and hasn't

secondary tillage: a) Primary tillage: It mainly includes the ploughing operation which is opening of the compacted soil with the help of different ploughs. Ploughing is done to:  1) Open the hard soil,  2) Separate the top soil from lower layers,  3) Invert the soil whenever necessary and  4) Uproot the weeds & stubbles. The cutting & inverting of the soil that is done after the harvest of the crop or untitled fallow or to bring virgin or new land under cultivation is called primary tillage. It may

1. Literature Review Capacity of a soil to function in supporting important ecosystems without producing a negative interaction with the environment is referred to as soil quality (Larson and Pierce, 1991). This concept integrates physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil (Idowu et al, 2009). As there is an increased awareness regarding the impact of soil management on environmental quality and production of agriculture (Doran and Parkin, 1994), this concept of soil quality has gained

Management of Soybean Cyst Nematode Soybean cyst management tactics include different methods from place to place, but all have the common method of using resistant soybean cultivar and crop rotation and these are found to be more effective than others tactics.(Niblack et al., 2003, Schmitt et al., 2004a, Oyekanmi & Fawole, 2010). Host Resistance Different resistance genes have been exploited from different soybean germplasm for developing resistant soybean cultivar against Heterodera glycines (Concibido

and phosphorus. Excess nutrients are a major cause to impaired biotic communities and algae blooms. When algae blooms occur the dissolved oxygen content within the water decreases. (Upper Wabash River Watershed Management Plan ~ Phase 2, 2015) Tillage practices can results erosion and sedimentation within the Upper Wabash River Watershed. When erosion occurs sediment is carried into the water causing sedimentation. The water becomes cloudy due to sedimentation when the soil particles suspend within

Soybean cyst management tactics include different method from place to place, but all have the common method of using resistant soybean cultivar and crop rotation and these are found to be more effective than others.(Niblack et al., 2003, Schmitt et al., 2004). Lotus japonicus is one of the important model leguminous plant to study the interaction and compatibility of plant parasitic nematode to cause infection (Lohar & Bird, 2003). There are large number of resistant soybean cultivar to SCN and