Time-division multiplexing

1. Introduction: The technique of energy harvesting from radio signals has received much attention in various applications in the recent time, such as radio-frequency identification systems [1] and body sensor networks with medical implants [2]. According to the 2010 wireless smart phone customer satisfaction study from J. D. Power and Associates, the iPhone received top marks in every category except for battery life. The latest report in China also reflects the same problem. Based on the data,

to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide Dr. Niraj Shakhakarmi for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this project. The help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life on which I am about to embark. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Department of Electrical Engineering of the Gannon University for giving me permission to commence

beamforming schemes, channel state information (CSI) is generally not required at the transmitter of MIMO systems. MIMO techniques for transmitting systems can be majorly divided into two categories: spatial multiplexing and space-time coding (spatial diversity techniques). In spatial multiplexing technique, it increases the data rate (throughput) over a MIMO dedicated

1.2.2. Recent Research In March 2014, G. Ivanovs and V. Bobrovs [9] investigated the characteristics of (EDFA) Erbium doped fiber amplifier where The amplification and fiber depends on different EDFA parameters.A 2.5 Gbit/s one channel WDM transmission system were simulated and measured. Additionally, simulation of a 4 channel 2.5Gbit/s WDM system was also done containing in-line amplifiers to investigate the EDFA performance for multichannel system. As they obtained almost identical result of

Incorporating OFDM Abstract- In this work, an integrated passive optical network and free space optical communication system based on no-carrier single sideband modulation is proposed. Optical orthogonal frequency multiplexing is employed with dense wavelength division multiplexing to support 16 channels over 300 km bidirectional single mode fiber to enhance spectral efficiency and reduce inter-symbol interference. Moreover, wavelength reuse is also realized to design cost effective optical network

domain as before. 1.2.2 Second Generation Optical Networks These networks were made capable of using multiple carrier wavelengths that were multiplexed onto a single fiber thus offering increased bandwidth. The technique is called wavelength division multiplexing. From technological point of view, incorporating the switching and routing functionality in the optical domain and allowing for the transparency of data format, protocol and bit rates are the achievements of second generation over

operation, higher the attenuation. Both wimax and LTE uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). OFDM uses orthogonal frequencies as carrier frequencies so that there will be no interference between the signals i.e. it uses the principle of orthogonality. This in turn improves the spectral efficiency. Multiple Access: Both LTE and wimax uses MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), which a Space Division Multiple Access technique. It is a smart technique in which the same signal is transmitted

PROGRESSIVE IMAGE TRANSMISSION USING OFDM Enrol. No. - 13102288 , 13102216 Name of Student - Aman Pandey, Naman Gogia Name of supervisor(s) - Dr. Abhinav Gupta December – 2016 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, NOIDA TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter No. Topics Page No. Certificate from the Supervisor II Acknowledgement III Summary IV List of Figures V

bandwidth into large number of narrow band orthogonal subcarriers [1, 2]. Thus the signal bandwidth becomes very less compared with coherence bandwidth ensuring no ISI in time domain and flat fading in frequency domain. Multicarrier systems such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) were considered to be the best technologies for 4G wireless communication [1, 2]. Fig. explains the spectrum of multicarrier and single carrier systems

3.1 Introduction Multicarrier transmission, also known as OFDM is a technique with a long history back to 1960that has recently seen rising popularity in wireless and wire line. In the recent interest in this technique is mainly due to the recent advances in digital signal processing technology. The International standards making use of OFDM for high-speed wireless communications are already established or being established by IEEE 802.11, IEEE, 802.16, IEEE 802.20 and ETSIBRAN committees. For wireless