Time-division multiplexing

(usually the first sub-block b1, is set to 1). So the redundancy bits account for (V−1) log2 (W), in which V represents the number of sub-blocks, W indicates possible variations of the phase. This causes a huge burden for ORTHOGONAL FREQUANCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING system, so studying on how to reduce the computational complexity of PTS has drawn more attentions nowadays. The optimization is achieved by searching thoroughly for the best phase factor. Theoretically b= [b1, b2, … , bv ] is a set of discrete

communicate. Multiplexing: transmitting multiple information in a single medium has been made easier by the process called multiplexing. Using this technique the total bandwidth is divided and a portion is given to each signal. Multiplexer and demultiplexer are the devices used in multiplexing. The multiplexer combines the data from multiple source and sends via the single channel and demultiplexer separates the individual lines and transmits to corresponding output lines. Multiplexing is of four types

a receiver. The 802.11n amendment also introduced changes in the physical as well as MAC layers to make marked changes in the effectiveness of wireless networks. These changes included spatial-division multiplexing, space-time block coding, and transmitter beamforming. Spatial-division multiplexing. This is the ability for one transmitter to use multiple antennas to simultaneously send multiple

Computer network: A computer network is interconnection of more computing systems and their hardwares for storing and transmitting the data. These networks can be connected either wires or wireless. Connecting the systems without wires is called wireless technology. Connecting the computers , laptops , printers and gaming devices comes under computer network Person Area Network: Person area network is a computer network connecting the devices within the environment of an individual person. Personal

multiple digital bit streams and it is standardized multiplexing protocol. It works at physical layer (layer 1) that supports the high transmission rates (155 Mbps to 10 Gbps) needed in metro applications. SONET network speeds currently range from OC-1 (51.84 Mbps) to OC-192 (9953.28 Mbps). SONET serves as a backbone transport for other technologies such as ATM and Ethernet. Optical fiber signal Service providers have offered SONET services for some time. SONET networks benefits include high-speed network

2. Simplex: one way transmission, such as a radio Half-duplex: two way transmission but only one device can transmit at a time Full duplex: two way transmission where both devices can transmit at a time. 3. Coaxial: A single copper wire surrounded by insultation. More expensive than copper twisted pair Copper twisted pair: Either 2 pairs or 4 pairs of copper wires are twisted and surrounded by insulation. Ethernet. Fiber: A fiber cable is either multiple strands of fiber optic surrounded by insulation

Introduction There are four major techniques that allocate capacity for wireless WAN communications. These techniques are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). (Goleniewski, L. 2007) Each technique has pros and cons when compared amongst each other. The following is a summary of why each technique has a need, and some of the challenges that come with that technique

introduction of MIMO technology in wireless networks and modulation schemes like OFDM.[1] Theoretically, it can achieve a maximum data rate of 600 MBPS which is nearly ten times more than its predecessor. It uses many efficient methods such as MIMO technology, OFDM scheme and many multiplexing techniques such as spatial multiplexing to bolster its quest for higher throughput. The fast growing mobile device usage also inflames the development of wireless standards. The physical and medium access control

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum , frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Infrared and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) 6. Have 14 channels over apron. 90 MHz of RF spectrum in the 2.4 GHz ISM. Uses w/ Bluetooth , cordless phones and microwave ovens 7. It’s the sequence appears to be random but in fact does repeat typically after some lengthily period of time. FHSS requires

solitary optical fiber over long separations. The transmission limit in optical communication systems are fundamentally enhanced utilizing wavelength division multiplexing. An alluring highlight for future optical systems is the capacity to process data totally in the optical area with the end goal of intensification, multiplexing, de-multiplexing,