TTIP is an initiative of the United States and the European Union to boost the trade-flow between the countries. On the surface this seems a reasonable idea that should not face much opposition, but this is far from reality. When in 2013 negotiations started about TTIP, little was known about the implications of such a new trade agreement (EU in the US). Major newspapers, tv-shows, and politicians have raised concerning questions about the way TTIP is giving multinational corporations (MNC’s) the
WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON TRADE BETWEEN EUROPE AND SOUTH AFRICA. by LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT ITEM CODE: ONB 10X8 LECTURER: ABSTRACT The establishment of the European Union influenced trade between the former common market (European Economic Community) and South Africa. This changing political and legal environment enhanced opportunities for trade and logistics activity in South Africa. There are also possible future trade and logistics activity threats and solution
Unfortunately, after graduating, many of these female students were unable to find jobs as the patriarchal culture refused to give them equal opportunity. Despite these barriers, the growing amount of women in the work force led to the formation of women’s trade unions during the late 1990s. Beginning in 1997, the reforms of President Mohammad Khatami increased women’s opportunities socially and politically. During his rule, thirteen women were elected into seats of parliament
Pietro briefly glance at the pamphlet, not really paying attention to anything, but what was written in bold. He flip the flimsy paper back and forth to make sure he didn’t missed anything special, but quickly grew bored with it and tuck the pamphlet into his back pocket as he followed Elijah to the side. Allowing the few entering superiors entrances to take identical pamphlet from the slaves as they browse the shop wares. “You know, everyone here is incredibly attractive. Do you think they would
Western, B., & Rosenfeld, J. (2011). Unions, norms, and the rise in US wage inequality. American Sociological Review, 76(4), 513-537. From 1973 to 2007, the rate of private sector union membership in the United States declined from 34 to 8 percent for men and from 16 to 6 percent for women. During this period, the inequality of hourly wages increased by more than 40 percent. Gürtzgen, N. (2016). Estimating the Wage Premium of Collective Wage Contracts: Evidence from Longitudinal Linked Employer–Employee
Metcalf et al (2000) present evidence that confirms the trade unions have positive impact on female pay because the data shows that the average hourly pay of female union members is £8.37, over £2 higher than that for non-union females. This evidence suggests that trade unions could support women to achieve equal pay. For example, the unionized environments are more likely to apply objective standards than are non-union environments (Metcalf et al, 2000). The payment systems with formal
reflections set out in the article “Question of Union Recognition” by Sarath Chandra Davala. In this era of industrial boom the comprehension of functioning of trade unions in the industrial relations as the relationship between labour and management is influenced very much by the studies on trade unionism. Even though after liberalization, opposite to the prophecies of many people, the importance of the trade unions did not reduce. The trade unions role has been revised rather and this has become
resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances,
Trade unions around the world are falling on hard times in the organized workplace. The phrase ‘union live and die at the workplace’ is becoming a reality sooner than later. The likely obituary of trade unions world-wide are declining membership, density collapse, weaken bargaining power, and the lost of prominence and place in polity. Analyses of trade unionism in the literature for some 20 years now have commonly referring to a crisis of trade unionism. Most authors puts it ‘unions under siege’
Demographic and Political Trends Nigeria is the highest populated country on the African continent. It is currently estimated at 167 million people (Subsidy Reinvestment Program SURE 2011). The country‘s estimated population includes 49% females and 51% males. The population grew by 2.5% in 2008, declined by 1.9% in 2009. The birth rate for the two years also reflects this decline from 43 births per 1,000 in 2008 to 37 per 1,000 in 2009. The death rate equally declined from 18 deaths per 1,000 in