Transfection

(1C) Beyond spatial control, how can you use binary expression systems to achieve greater temporal resolution in regulating gene expression? 1.Stereotaxic Cre delivery (via AAV) to animal which has floxed sites can allow the researcher to determine the onset of Cre-lox system activation. This is advantageous because knockout can be induced in an adult animal and developmental compensation or early embryonic fatality due to gene disruption could be avoided. This method is irreversible 2.Cre gene

We will evaluate if FLRT3 increases MAPK activation for normal thyroid cells, PTC cell lines harboring mutations, and FTC cell lines containing in the presence or absence of FLRT3 treated or not treated with ectopic expression of FLRT3 via western blot analysis for p-ERK. We will quantify FLRT3’s effect on MAPK activation by using qPCR for c-fos and c-jun for indicated PTC mutant cell lines with or without FLRT3 in order to compare the relative expression of these downstream MAPK response genes

Abstract Many attempts were made to treat different kinds of cancer, the problem was the lack of specificity of anticancer drug towards cancer cells resulting in severe side effects, but with the new system for drug delivery system –the nanoparticles –this problem could be avoided. Nanoparticles are very small particles from 1 to 100 nm with different shapes and sizes made of variety of materials .Nanoparticles have many applications in different aspects especially medicine including therapy and

Monitoring Astroglial-Ca2+ Activity via Functional 3D Photoacoustic Imaging Background: Changes in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) mediate a variety of biological responses in both excitable and nonexcitable cells.1 Astrocytes perform a multitude of supportive functions, and can even influence neuronal activity by releasing gliotransmitters (via an [Ca2+]i response).1-4 However, little is known about how astrocytes are engaged during varying motor behaviors in vivo.11 Current techniques

• Summary o The authors of this paper indicate an apparently novel method for improving the cellular uptake of DNA origami-based drug delivery nanocarriers. While the transport protein, transferrin (Tf), has been used to functionalize other types of drug delivery nanocarriers, it had yet to be incorporated into nanocarriers made via DNA origami prior to this publication. The authors demonstrate successful functionalization of Tf to a specific morphology of DNA origami using gel-shift analysis and

The use of RGGT inhibitors doesn’t exhibit any toxicity in mouse models (Taylor et al., 2011). This is supported by comparison to gunmetal mice that harbour a RGGT mutation leading to 80% reduction of RGGT function. There are mild dysfunctional phenotypes such as hypopigmentation and altered platelet synthesis. This suggests that a decreased RGGT activity, such that Rab proteins would be hypoprenylated, would not be lethal if targeted (Recchi and Seabra, 2012). The decrease in RGGT activity is only

Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited disease named after Nikolaus Friedreich, who first described the disease in 1863 (National Ataxia Foundation, 2013). FRDA is autosomal recessive, meaning an individual only develops symptoms if there is a deficiency in both Frataxin genes. An individual with a deficiency in only one Frataxin gene is said to be a carrier and will not exhibit symptoms. FRDA affects the coordination of human’s movements. The disease affects the central nervous system, mainly

To use three different plasmid isolation methods: alkaline lysis procedure, magic mini-prep resin method, and lysis by boiling method to isolate the plasmids and compare the quality of isolated DNA by gel electrophoresis. Introduction The purpose of the practical is to assess the purity of isolated plasmid DNA by gel electrophoresis, and to find out which method produces the purest DNA. As the restriction enzyme only cleave highly pure DNA and impure DNA will not be cut. Thus, if only one band is

Luciferase assay. N2a cells were seeded into 24-well plates and transfected with 0.2 g of 8XTOPFLASH reporter and 0.05 g of pRL-TK, 0.4 g WT-DISC1 or DN-DISC1 and 0.4 g mouse DLX2 [50] using polyethylenimine. 24 hours after transfection, TCF reporter activity was measured using the Dual-Luciferase Assay System (Promega). Behavioral tests The pregnant female mice were fed with Dox containing food (Bio-Serv, 200 mg/kg) from the beginning of pregnancy on embryonic day 0(E0). The Dox food was removed

During development, neurons extend their axons and dendrites to establish proper connections in the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS). This wiring process is largely controlled by extracellular cues, which activate receptors on the responding neurons. In turn, these receptors initiate signaling cascades that ultimately alter actin and microtubule dynamics, and these changes are translated into diverse cellular responses (1,2). Multiple studies have demonstrated that guidance cues