Transfection

Faculty of Pharmacy Pharmacology Department Assignment Topic: Bioassay of androgenic hormones Course Title: Bioassay Course Code: PO411 Lab Group: A1 Submitted to: Dr Mona Prepared by: Rahma Ahmed Ahmed - 141191 Due date: 10-27-2016 - Fall 2016 - Androgen Bioassays Introduction: During the recent decades, athletes were trying to enhance their performance by using exogenous hormones such as; androgens, erythropoietin and growth hormone. The most potent form of sports steroids is the Androgens

triggers neurogenesis[4]. Thoma et al observed that Ngn2 alone is sufficient to induce neuronal differentiation in embryonic stem cells. In this study they used murine embryonic stem cells and transfected with Ngn2 expression and after five days post transfection they observed that cells expressed Tuj1 and MAP2 (both are neuronal markers). This indicates that presence of a single pro-neural factor as well could promote neurogenesis. Ectopic expression of Ngn2 was sufficient to form mature neurons from embryonic

There are 206 bones in the human body. Broken and fractured bones are one of the most common injuries, about 6 million people in the US will break a bone each year. And out of these 300,000 people will have a serious injury that will require different methods to heal. There are a variety ways of bone tissue repairing but most of them are not long term and can cause other complications. There are different stages for bone repair. The first step is the formation of hematoma at the break, then the formation

Introduction: There has been much research done on thyroid cancer. The thyroid gland is located below the Adam’s apple in one’s neck. In order for a thyroid gland to be considered normal, the patient should not be experiencing any symptoms that would be the result of having too much or too little thyroid hormones being produced by the gland. The thyroid gland has a butterfly shape, which contains 2 lobes-right and left with a narrow gap, or isthmus, in the middle connecting these two lobes1. (Figure

mesencephalic tissues increased the survival of the dopaminergic neurons for up to 10 years (Kordower et al., 1995; Piccini et al., 1999). Since human fetal stem cells are limited, the generation of human neural stem cells (NSC) by using retrovirus transfection encoding v-myc (S. U. Kim, 2004). When human NSCs can

Introduction The use of stem cells can advance drug development, knowledge of disease, patience specific disease treatment, and can bypass the limits of mouse-models for research. According to the National Institute of Health (1), stem cells are unique in the following ways: they can divide and renew themselves for long periods, they are unspecialized, and they can give rise to specialized cell types. The uniqueness of these stem cells allows for the testing of new drugs, cell-based therapies and

2. Results 2.1 Ethanol decreases cysteine (Cys) and GSH in Primary Cerebral Cortical Neurons (PCNs) and fetal brains Fetal rat cerebral cortical neurons were treated with E (4 mg/ml) for 24 h and pregnant dams were treated with the “Binge” model as detailed above. Both of these regimens elevate Nrf2 expression as well as induce enhanced apoptotic death of neurons [5, 7]. To gain a better understanding of the E-induced GSH loss, we first assessed the levels of cysteine, which is one of the key substrates

Introduction: With upwards of 100 000 new cancer cases diagnosed yearly in Australia, research into cancer therapy and prevention has continued to increase, with approximately $252 million in funding going into this field over the past two years in Australia alone (Cancer Australia, 2016). Current cancer therapies can involve invasive surgeries or the destruction of healthy cells (Cancer Health Centre, 2011), which is why new technologies are currently in development to provide patients with an effective

This paper aims to identify key developments in the evolution of indued pluripotent stem cells and how these developments will impact the medical field. Beginning with a comprehensive exploration of the history and discovery of stem cells, it will highlight the challenges historically faced by researchers and medical professionals prior to the discovery of defined factors in adult cells. Using published research for reference, it will describe the process of discovery and modern application of induced

Spina Bifida is “a congenital defect of the spine in which part of the spinal cord and its meninges are exposed through a gap in the backbone. It often causes paralysis of the lower limbs, and sometimes mental handicap” [5]. According to recent studies, neural tube defects (NTDs) rank as one of the most common birth defects next to congenital heart disease. As many researchers attempt to determine the leading cause of spina bifida, Yunping Lei, Huiping Zhu, Wei Yang, M. Elizabeth Ross, Gary M. Shaw