Transfection

I will choose gene therapy for this assignment. According to Genetics Home reference (2015), “gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient’s cells instead of using drugs or surgery.” Gene therapy made many medical accomplishments in less than two decades (American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy, 2015). According to American Society of Gene &Cell Therapy

Optogenetic Activation and/or Inhibition of Neurons The topic of optogenetics is one of vast and exciting proportions. In short, it is an emerging science that combines both genetics and optics to affect neuron action. By using light to activate certain neurons, we can see the kind of behavior they normally exhibit and thereby assess their impact on brain processing. Conversely inhibition of these same neurons can inform us of what the neurons are necessary for. This ability to activate or inactivate

In addition to peptides, protein-based ligands such as Affibody proteins have been utilized for tumor targeting. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Affibody protein (e.g., Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907, amino acid sequence: Ac-CVDNKFNKEMWAAWEEIRNLPNLNGWQMTAFIASLVDDPSQSANLLAEAKKLNDAQAPK-NH2) is used to target EGFR that is overexpressed in a wide variety of human tumors. Cheng and co-workers used anti-EGFR Affibody protein as tumor-targeting ligand on 64Cu–Au-IO nanoparticles (PET component: 64Cu, MRI

In 1956, Francis Crick first described what he called “The central dogma of molecular biology.” This essentially describes the flow of genetic information within cells. It states that DNA is transcribed into RNA with the help of an RNA polymerase enzyme. The RNA is then translated into a protein by protein synthesis. One thing that could drastically alter the genetic information within cells is a process called gene silencing. This process regulates the gene expression of certain genes and can

LEF/TCF full length expression and their isoforms vary between normal cells and colon cancer cells. In the normal colon, TCF-1 and TCF-4 are expressed and LEF-1 and TCF-3 are silenced.[43], [45],[ Moreover they also have different biological roles. In general LEF-1 is viewed as an activator and TCF-3 as mostly a repressor but can be a activator ([39]; [40]). Both TCF-1 and TCF-4 act as both inhibitors and activators, but TCF-4 is the dominant interactor of β -catenin in the colon. TCF4 mediates the

Scorpions are the most ancient predatory class of arthropods that lived on earth for millions of years. There have been more than 1,500 species of scorpions identified worldwide and there are only 25 of them venomous to humans and other organism. Scorpions’ venom has played a critical role in their survival due to its exceptional mixture of component which consists of enzymes, short peptides, simple amino acids and other chemical secreted from the venom glands. These short peptides (30-80 amino acid)

Targeting CD133+ laryngeal carcinoma cells with chemotherapeutic drugs and siRNA against ABCG2 mediated by thermo/ph sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles Authors Xinmeng Qi,a Dan Yu, *a Bo Jia,b Chunshun Jin,*a Xueshibojie Liu,a Xue Zhao,a Guangxin Zhangc Affiliations and addresses a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China b Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)&

INTRODUCTION: There are new approaches and agents against certain types of cancer that are urgently needed. Some of the new agents use highly advanced technology utilizing nanoencapsulation that will improve the therapeutic index of the natural drugs. Nanoparticles for cancer therapeutics are rapidly evolving and are being introduced in an attempt to overcome several limitations of conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics. Though chemotherapy is successful to some extent in certain cancers

| Peroxisome in animal cell | Life sciences, HAN university of applied science, Nijmegen, Netherlands | | Mohsen Ghanbari | 30-12-2012 | Peroxisome in animal cell Author: Mohsen Ghanbari Abstract Peroxisomes have an essential function in cell metabolism. [1] They are small, membrane bounded organelles that have at least fifty different enzymes for several metabolic reactions. [2] Their appearance is like lysosomes; however, their main function is oxidation reactions especially oxidation

A vector is a recombinant DNA carrier, all types have three generic properties; introduction to the host cell can be accomplished easily, each vector contains a replication origin enabling it to reproduce inside the cell and in order to determine which cells contain the vector a simple assay can be carried out, such as, growing the cells on agar plates. At present, there are many different types of vectors available for use the best expression system depends on the gene involved (Hartl, 2011). Examples