Transfection

In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka and Kazutoshi Takahashi performed a groundbreaking study in stem cell research. They reprogrammed mouse skin fibroblasts by introduction of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc and generated cells almost indistinguishable from ES cells. They named these cells induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (Takahashi K., et al., 2006). An year later, James A. Thomson et al. replaced Oct4 and oncogenic c-Myc with Lin28 and Nanog decreasing the risk of cancer formation

applications. I am also confident that I can demonstrate my love for exploring the benefits biomedical engineering has to offer. Just months ago, researchers at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center had developed a technology called Tissue Nano transfection which can generate any cell to treat a patient. This technique can be used to repair tissues and rejuvenate nerve cells. When I read about this in Science Daily, I was amazed at these scientists' ingenuity and realized that with adequate knowledge

A Fluorescent miRNA Sensor for the Study of exRNA and Drug Delivery Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests cell-to-cell communication is possible through extracellular RNAs (exRNAs). RNA (including mRNA, miRNA, or lincRNA) has, on many accounts, been found packaged inside extracellular vesicles (EVs) which may traverse through a variety of bodily fluids to be taken up by a recipient cell. The biological significance of exRNAs is largely unknown. However, preliminary studies suggest they may play

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION PCR and dsRNA production Target sequences of 1501, 1576, 1650, 1750, 538, and 716 bp specific for gyrase A, gyrase rpo B1, rpo B2 and GFP were successfully amplified with PCR (data not shown).. The in vitro transcription using T7 enzyme resulted in target specific dsRNA of 1501, 1576, 1650, 1750, 538, and 716 bp for each of gyrase A, gyrase B, rpo B1, rpo B2, L11, and GFP genes, respectively (Fig.1). In vitro growth

Another key study, performed by Darlington et al, analyzed the function of dCLOCK, the CLOCK protein in Drosophila. This study confirmed the identity of dclock, investigated the function of dCLOCK in regulation of the circadian genes per and tim, and demonstrated the function of PER and TIM in an inhibitory feedback loop (Darlington et al., 1998). First, a screen for a homolog of the mouse clock gene in Drosophila was conducted using the cDNA library of adult Drosophila heads and a probe of the mClock

In 1885, Theodor Escherich, a German bacteriologist, first discovered E. coli. E. coli is a large, diverse group of bacteria. It continues to be used in labs across the world for experiments and research. Escherichia coli bacteria is most often found in the intestine of people and animals that are healthy. While a few nasty strains of E. coli can cause vomiting, urinary tract infections, respiratory illness, pneumonia, bloody diarrhea, and abdominal cramps, most sets of E. coli are harmless and cause

The ING (INhibitor of Growth) family of genes and proteins (ING1–ING5) was identified in 1996, from PCR-mediated subtractive hybridization between a normal mammary epithelial cell strain and several transformed breast cancer cell-lines, followed by an in vivo functional screen for tumourigenesis1. The ING proteins target histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes to the H3K4me3 mark, altering histone acetylation and gene expression2. ING4 was identified by computational

Ebola hemorrhagic fever, also known as Ebola is a deadly disease that can be caused by one of the various types of Ebola viruses. Ebola affects primarily humans or nonhuman primates like chimpanzees or gorillas, but recent research has discovered that other animals such as dogs, antelopes, fruit bats, and pigs can be affected as well. It is believed that fruit bats are reservoir hosts to the virus and are the main method that the virus is transmitted to other beings. The virus is usually introduced

Materials and Methods 2.1 Animal studies 2.1.1 Materials Ketamine, xylazine, carprofen, vetadine, lacrilube, terramycin, sodium lactate, penicillin G sodium, heparin sodium, pentobarbital and supramid wire were obtained from Provet (Auckland, NZ). Ethanol was obtained from PureScience (Wellington, NZ). Cocaine-HCl (BDG Synthesis, Wellington, NZ) was dissolved in physiological saline (0.9%) containing heparin sodium (3 U/mL) and made up to a solution of 1.65 g/L (rats were considered to average 330

Research strategy Specific Aim #1. To determine the effect of miR200 family on human primary ATII cell biology and lung regeneration in IPF. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that miR200 family will stimulate ATII cell proliferation and transdifferentation to alveolar type I cells and will inhibit a fibrogenic activity of pulmonary fibroblasts in IPF leading to lung regeneration. Rationale: ATII cells have stem potential and can differentiate to alveolar type I cells (3). Senescence of ATII cells is