Viscosity

The majority of movement of materials and goods across continents is through container ships, however, in some cases, planes are used to transport goods. Trucks and trains move materials and goods and within a country or a continent. In some cases, ships sail in rivers, as is the case in parts of Canada. The shares of freight transport as the percentage of the total tone-km by road, inland waterways, and railways in the EU are 75.9%, 6.7%, and 18.4% respectively (EUROSTAT, 2016). In the USA, trucks

Nonlinear Heat and mass transfer in MHD Homann nanofluid flow through a porous medium with chemical reaction, heat generation and uniform inflow N.T. EL-Dabe1, H.A. Attia2, M.A.I. Essawy3,* , A.A. Ramadan4, A. H. Abdel-Hamid4 1Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt 2Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University, 63415, Egypt 3Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 3rd zone, 7th section

region are affected by friction and possess relatively low Reynolds number. Viscosity is dominant in this region and it ranges around〖 y〗^+≤5. In this sublayer shear stress is negligible to viscous shear stress hence the momentum equation becomes a linear equation. 〖du〗^+/〖dy〗^+ =1 Therefore, u^+= y^+ Buffer Layer: It ranges from 5≤ y^+ ≤30 . In this range both viscosity and inertial forces are effective here. Neither of both laws works well in this

shows that the CF-like mucus presented about one order of magnitude higher storage or elastic modulus (G’), loss or viscous modulus (G”) and complex viscosity (|n*|) compared to Normal mucus. The pseudo-linear viscoelastic region (LVR) of CF-like mucus is located at strain values of 100% to 1000% and Normal mucus from 1% to 1000%. Complex viscosity of both samples decreased with increasing shear rates, displaying a shear thinning behavior (Figure 1). The time sweep test demonstrates that Normal

THE FOUNDER OF MODERN FLUID DYNAMICS: LUDWIG PRANTDL A fluid is defined as a substance that does not have any determined shape and is deformed continuously by a shear force, thus it can be said that fluid mechanics is considered as a part of physics which is concerning about gases, liquids and plasmas, in the other words, no solid phases.[1] Modern fluid mechanics is based on Continuum Hypothesis. This hypothesis assumes that a matter is continuous, hence while a matter is examined, atomic structure

The second order upwind discretization model was used in this problem. The truncated error due to selected terms in the Taylor series expansion is reduced and a more accurate solution is implied. Fewer grid points are necessary to give the same level of accuracy. ∂u/∂x+u=0,〖(du/dx)〗_i + ui =0 u_(i-1)=u_i-∆x(du/dx)_i+(∆x^2)/2 ((d^2 u)/(dx^2 ))_i-(∆x^3)/6 ((d^3 u)/(dx^3 ))_i+0(∆x^4) u_(i-1)=u_i+∆x(du/dx)_i+(∆x^2)/2 ((d^2 u)/(dx^2 ))_i-(∆x^3)/6 ((d^3 u)/(dx^3 ))_i+0(∆x^4) The central differencing method

SIR GEORGE GABRIEL STOKES Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, was an Irish physicist, mathematician, politician and theologian. He was born on 13 August 1819, in Ireland, as the youngest son in the eight children of a very religious Protestant family. His father Gabriel Stokes was the rector of Skreen; and his mother, Elizabeth Haughton, was the daughter of John Haugton, the rector of Kilrea, County Londonderry He first educated in Dublin, Ireland, and later he was sent to England where he

In this paper, we introduce two new functions on the semi-infinite interval namely Rational Gegenbauer and Exponential Gegenbauer functions and we apply them as basis functions in Tau method to solve the boundary layer flow of a magneto-micropolar fluid on a continuous moving plate with suction and injection. These functions are a general case of rational Chebyshev and Legendre functions and this is the first time that they are used in Tau method. The operational matrices of derivative and product

Concentration is one of the key factors that affect sonication efficiency. The pectin at concentration 0.0025g/mL showed higher sonolysis, followed by 0.005g/mL and 0.01g/mL. A 0.0025g/mL pectin dispersion treated for 20 minutes at 200W had a molecular weight reduced two fold compared to 0.005g/mL and 0.01g/mL pectin solutions shown in Fig.1a. Pectin polydispersity did not show consistent change with increasing sonication time, which characterizes random scission of pectin chains (Fig1b), such a

The Relative Importance of Four Variables as Possible Indicators of Wake Length. Introduction In rivers there are objects that cause more of an obstruction to the overall flow and so generate more resistance than the surrounding grains. This is because they are larger than the bed’s grains and thus they are sometimes known as large roughness elements. Large roughness elements are an important feature in the river bed since they block the path of the flow. Obstructions embedded in a bed such as stones