Volcanic Explosivity Index

Supervolcano had blown up, reaching the final level 8 of the Volcanic Explosivity Index, releasing around 2800 cubic kilometers or 700 cubic miles of lava, ash, and dust straight into the atmosphere. To put this into perspective, this colossal amount of material can bury the entire state of North Carolina in eighteen meters of lava. The location of the site from nearest major civilization was more than 3500 miles. Notwithstanding, the power of the volcanic eruption

clouds and volcanoes. Solar radiation and volcanic effects have been more easily studied; however throughout the IPCC assessments clouds have contributed the largest uncertainty to understanding the global energy budget (Boucher et al, 2013). Volcanoes have existed on planet Earth since the beginning of time. It is likely that over the lifespan of the Earth that there were hundreds of thousands eruptions. There are scientists who theorize that volcanic eruptions could have been the cause for the

afterwards, including food shortages, famine, pyroclastic flows, and tsunamis, caused an estimated 100,000 deaths. The massive eruption measured a 7 on the VEI scale, or Volcanic Explosivity Index, and released around 100 cubic km of magma. In total, it lasted no more than 3 days, and 300-500 million kilograms of volcanic debris was released per second. Stratovolcanoes produce magma that contain high amounts of silica, giving it a high viscosity, or thickness, causing it to not flow very far.

of a giant volcanic caldera. A cap made of earth that shields a huge reservoir of liquid rock. Now, the floor of the caldera is in fact rising, and earthquakes in the region suggest magma movement beneath the park. Despite your initial nail biting thoughts, this is actually normal. However, Yellowstone being a super-volcano has many worried of the devastation it can bring. The defining points that make a Super-volcano is an eruption scale of 8 or higher on the Volcano Explosivity Index. Which equals

Mount St. Helen Mount St. Helens Location: Washington, United States Latitude: 46.20 N Longitude: 122.18 W height: 2,549 meters or 8,364 feet - 9,677 feet before May 18, 1980 Type: Stratovolcano Number of eruptions in past 200 years: 2-3 Latest Eruptions: Between 1660-1700, around 1800-1802, 1831, 1835, 1842-1844, 1847-1854, 1857, 1980-? Present thermal activity: strong steaming Nickname: Mount Fuji of the West Remarks: continuous intermittent activity since 1980 with occasional eruptions of

Earthquakes throughout the world have devastated certain areas of the world, some places more than others. One area of the world that has been absolutely devastated by many earthquakes throughout time is the South American country, Chile. While there have been many very substantial earthquakes in Chile, one stands out most, The Great Chilean Earthquake. On May 22, 1960, The Great Chilean Earthquake hit Chile. This is the largest earthquake ever recorded with a magnitude of 9.5 out of 10.0. It absolutely

1. Introduction 1.1. Toba Catastrophe Lake Toba is located in Sumatra, Indonesia (Figure 1). The Toba Eruption was the last of three major eruptions, which occurred over the past million years, creating a volcanic caldera1. The most recent eruption, also known as the Youngest Toba Tuff erupted around 73,000 (± 4000) years ago2. This created a global catastrophe that effected many species, including humans. Many researchers have linked this even to the most recent bottleneck in human evolution resulting

mountain slope: Sanggar, Doro Peti and Pesanggrahan, and Calabai. Figure 1. Map of Mount Tambora and Sumbawa Mount Tambora is best known for the eruption that occurred in April 1815. The eruption was so large it ranked 7 out of 8 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale. The number of deaths

The five senses are what makes up the human perception and how people interpret the world around them. Sound, sight, taste, smell, and touch work together to give people the ability to be aware, use insight, and understand events which unfold. Though perception can be of little use when dealing with natural disasters that are seemingly born to kill. In such cases of natural disasters like the eruption of Thera in Santorini, and the smallpox disease sweeping across the world human perception was not

Mount Tambora, located on the Island of Sumbawa, Indonesia is classified as a Stratovolcano. Also known as a composite volcano, Tambora is a tall conical volcano (cone like structure) where layers of the walls are built by hardened lava and volcanic ash. The term composite is used to describe the volcano due to the composite layered structure built from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials1. Among the most common types of volcanoes, Tambora also shares its destructive prowess with best-known