Wittig reaction

Carbon-Carbon bonding reactions in chemistry are important because they allow the diversity and generation of larger molecules. Aldol additions and Grignard reactions are few of many well understood methods for generating carbon-bonds bonds.1 The products of aldol additions are formed from ketone and aldehyde groups under acid or basic conditions. Catalyzed by these conditions the ketones undergo tautomerization between keto-enol forms, the enolate reacting with a neighboring aldehyde. The new bond

Julene Thai 06/10/15 CHM 120-5 Sequencing copper chemical reactions Purpose: To see how much copper can be recovered after a series of chemical transformations. Pre-Laboratory Assignment: (a) It must be carried out under a fume hood because the oxidation of Cu with HNO3 solution produces NO2 gas, which is toxic. (b) One should be particularly careful when using concentrated HNO3 solution because it is highly toxic and an oxidant. (a) The NaOH solution neutralizes the H3O ions and provides hydroxide

2-methyl-2-butanol in a separatory funnel. The reactants were shaken to help the reaction occur quickly. The separatory funnel was vented several times, to reduce pressure that resulted from the reaction which was due to the high vapor pressure of HCl. The Hydrochloric acid will dissociate, and the H+ will react with the OH-C to form H2O-C. The H2O is a good leaving group. As the LG is on a tertiary carbon, an Sn1 reaction should occur. In the rate determining step, the water will leave, to produce a

Introduction: When a chemical change occurs, the composition of matter has changed (Myers 2003). Physical changes are changes in appearance but not the actual substance (Carolina Biological Supply Company 2012). A change in state is a physical change (Brown et. al 2015). The formation, breaking, or rearrangement of chemical bonds cause chemical changes (Carolina Biological Company 2012). The production of a gas, production of a precipitate, production of light, production or absorption of heat,

catalyze (speed up) biological reactions in an organism by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. They do this by either straining the bonds in a molecule so that is easier to break up or by placing separate molecules/elements close to each other so that bonds are formed. Enzyme activity is influenced by an array of different factors such as enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, pH and inhibitor concentration. All of these affect the rate of reactions of enzymes and some such

concentration on enzyme activity every twenty seconds for two minutes. Enzymes are a proteins in the body made up of amino acids. They are capable of catalyzing the chemical reactions that occur in your body. Enzymes connect to substrates and breaks the substrate down to chemical products far more quickly than the random chemical reactions that would have occurred without the enzyme. The enzymes in the cuvette consist of 1 drop of guaiacol, 3 drops of hydrogen peroxide, and 2.8 ml of pH 7 buffer. Each cuvette

Bessenyei Introduction A single displacement reaction is often called substitution reaction. In a short definition a displacement reaction is, when a more reactive element reacts with a compound and pushes out a less reactive element. In a very basic terms when one element replaces another. Groups 1,2 and 7 are the reactivity trends that are need to be known to understand displacement reaction. A simple example to determine displacement reaction is the following: Lithium + Sodium,Chlorine =

Types of Chemical Reactions The purpose of the lab experiment was to identify different types of chemical reaction and the products of the formulas. The different types of chemical reaction include decomposition, single replacement, synthesis, combustion, and double replacement. There were many hazards that were involved in these experiments. Some of them were heat burns, base burns, alkali burns, catching hair on fire, the risk of getting chemicals in the eyes, spilling the chemicals, the risk

catalase on the rate of reaction? BACKGROUND RESEARCH The task of an enzyme is affected by many factors. Changing these change the rate of reaction of the enzyme. For example, enzymes are temperature specific, they work the best in low temperatures and are destroyed or denatured in high temperature. Changing the concentration of a substance only affects the rate of reaction if it is the limiting factor. Therefore, increasing concentration will increase the rate of reaction up to a certain point,

The rates of chemical reactions double every time the substrate concentration is doubled. As long as the substrate concentration increases, there is a direct increase in the rate of the reaction. For enzyme-catalyzed reaction, however, this is not the case. Although the rate of the reaction is initially responsive to the substrate concentration, at a certain concentration of substrate the rate of the reaction reaches a maximum. (See pic 1) At its maximum rate also referred to as Vmax. (Vmax is the