X chromosome

INTRODUCTION: The Sex chromosome(X and Y) originates from a pair of autosomes (H.J. Muller, 1914) about 350million years ago in reptile-like ancestors (Charlesworth, 1991; Graves, 1995). Environmental factor like temperature determines sex in some species e.g. crocodiles and turtles (Bull et al, 1975). In humans, there are 22 pairs of chromosomes called the Autosomes and one pair of sex chromosome (X-Y) which makes a total of 23pairs of chromosomes. These 23pairs (46) chromosomes are contributed by

Introduction: Chromosomes are long structures that are made up of DNA and proteins called histones. They are found in the Chromatin material in the nucleus and mitochondira. During the process “Crossing over” where there is the mutual exchange of genes in the pieces of chromosomes that causes variation in offspring, however this is where mutations commonly occur. If a parent has either a faulty gene or a missing gene, the child is usually at high risk of being diagnosed with the disorder or may

Sarah Griffin BIO 271-IN1 Disease/Disorder Paper 4/16/15 Hemophilia A Hemophilia is a rare blood condition in which an individual’s blood cannot clot appropriately to stop bleeding. There are two types of Hemophilia, Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B. This paper will be focusing on Hemophilia A, also known as classic hemophilia. “Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder caused by a missing or defective factor VIII, a clotting protein” (National Hemophilia Foundation, n.d., para. 1). Clotting proteins work

justifiable. Sex linked genetic disorders are diseases that arise when an X or Y chromosome carries on a defective gene to its offspring via germ cells. In the case of X-linked genetic disease, if the mother is a carrier for a certain genetic disorder, then the son has a 50% chance of expressing the genetic disease as the mother’s X chromosome is always passed onto the son (Germain 2006). Genetic diseases like haemophilia, Autism, Fragile X syndrome and Muscular Dystrophy, which all have the potential to

of sperm separation to provide gender outcomes greater than 90% and therefore further work is needed to perfect the sex selection. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a form of genetic testing. It is similar to the screening of abnormal chromosome count only used to test for genetic diseases. The fertility institutes have used this to take gender selection to the next level. Stating that this has a greater than 99,9% success rate. http://www.fertility-docs.com/fertility_gender.phtml This

by an abnormal sex chromosome, either an abnormal X chromosome or a missing X chromosome. The sex chromosome contributed by the father to the child determines the sex of the child because the mother always contributes an X chromosome whereas the father can contribute either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome (Snustad 2012). Turner Syndrome is the result of an abnormal sex chromosome, so if the father’s sex chromosome is missing, then the child will only have a single X chromosome from the mother resulting

If not present at birth, it does not develop later in life. The lack of sexual development at puberty is the second most common characteristic. Having abnormal chromosomes does not mean that girls with Turner syndrome are not really female; they are women with a condition that causes short stature and poorly developed ovaries. Affected females may also exhibit the following symptoms: infertility, kidney abnormalities

X-Linked Inheritence The topic which is assogned to me is X- linked inhertance that is a pattern of inheritance in which the spread of traits differentiate according to the sex of the individual because the genes which are present on the X chromosome have no counterparts on the Y chromosome. The inheritance pattern can be recessive or dominant. The trait firm by a gene on the X chromosome is always expressed in males.Because we know that males only d have one X chrmosome whichever the disease related

sex-linked genes differs from that of autosomal genes the use of Punnett squares to understand patterns of inheritance Introduction: The gene that codes for red-green color blindness, the most common form of color blindness in humans, is found on the X chromosome. One in 12 males is color blind. In females, however, color blindness affects only about 1 in 200. Why is

Triple- X Syndrome Triple X Syndrome, also known as Trisomy X or 47,XXX, is a genetic disorder in which an extra X chromosome is present in each of a female’s cells. “Triple X syndrome results from an extra copy of the X chromosome in each of the female’s cells. As a result of the extra X chromosome, each cell has a total of 47 chromosomes (47,XXX) instead of the usual 46,” (Triple X Syndrome.) About 1 in 1,000 newborn girls are affected with this condition. Trisomy X is a genetic disorder that is