Y chromosome

Down syndrome is caused by having an extra chromosome on the twenty-first chromosomal pair. People with down syndrome have forty-seven pairs of chromosomes. There are three types of down syndrome and they are Trisomy 21, Translocation, and Mosaicism. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of down syndrome. It occurs when there are three rather than two, number 21 chromosomes present in every cell of the body. Trisomy 21 accounts for ninety-five percent of the down syndrome population. Translocation unlike

deep crease across the palm of the hand, slightly flattened facial profile, and an upward slant to the eyes. To confirm the diagnoses doctors run a karyotype, which is a chromosomal analysis. They do this by extracting a blood sample and grouping chromosomes by size, number and shape. Down Syndrome is not commonly genetically passed down as opposed to what some may think, it happens by random. About 1% of the cases are heredity and 5% come from the father. Although, the risk of having a child diagnosed

Down syndrome is a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, the chromosome causing the problems is Chromosome 21. This disorder affects about 1 in 700 births in the United States. Currently there are about 400,000 Americans that have Down syndrome, with approximately 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome each year. The disorder forms during fertilization or soon after fertilization. Fertilization occurs when the sperm binds to zona pellucida, then the sperm undergoes acrosome reaction

There are two types of cells known to humanity, eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic meaning” before or pro nucleus”, is a cell that has no nucleus; however does contain a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm and genetic material (DNA and RNA). Occasionally some prokaryotic cells also may have a flagellum or pili- used for movement of the cell. Flagellum is a tail like structure, cells usually contain only 1 or 2,as for pili they are hair like structures and there are an abundance

and produces two indistinguishable little girl cells amid prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase,and cytokinesis. Which a phone copies into two hereditarily indistinguishable girl cells. In mitosis, chromosomes in the cell core are differentiated into two indistinguishable arrangements of chromosomes, each in its own core. Interphase is incorporated in mitosis discussions,but it is not actually piece of mitosis yet rather ecompasses stages G1,S,and G2 of the cell cycle. Stage S is the place create

Johnson-Munson syndrome is a rare syndrome identified by missing abnormal vertebrae, fingers and toes and various deformities of the heart, lungs, intestines, pancreas and intestines. Ophanet a consortium of European partners defines a condition as rare. In the US population, less than 200,000 people can possibly be affected by Johnson Munson Syndrome or second type of Johnson Munson syndrome. (Orphanet 2015) Johnson Munson syndrome will start within the DNA from the formation of the fetus at birth

There are two basic types of cells, eukaryotic cells, and prokaryotic cells. Within both cell types, several differences and similarities exist. The main difference between the cell types is that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. This nucleus within eukaryotic cells is the place where cells store their genetic material (DNA) (Cruz, n.d.). In contrast, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Instead, DNA within prokaryotic cells simply floats around inside of the cell (Daempfle, 2016.). Moreover

Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of part of chromosome 15. This genetic abnormality affects the hypothalamus which influences growth hormones, sex, thirst, and hunger and is contributed to developmental delay. Children with Prader-Willi syndrome will develop hyperphagia. Hyperphagia is a serious eating disorder, and is characterized by extreme overeating to the point where it becomes life-threatening. Hyperphagia is hard to treat and is the main trait of Prader-Willi

end stage renal disease and uremia. Approximately 600,000 Americans are affected by PKD, according to the Kidney and Urologic Diseases Statistics for the United States: NIDDK. It is thought that PDK is caused by mutations of the genes on chromosome 16 or chromosome 4. The disease process begins with the appearance of cysts, which grow out of the nephrons of the kidneys.

Acromegaly was derived from the Greek words "akros," meaning extremities, and "megas," which means big (Dictionary, 2004). It is a hormonal disorder that develops when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone after adolescence. Due to the elevated hormone levels, bones increase in size, including the hands, feet and face (Dictionary, 2004). Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults, the average age being around forty. It plagues men and women equally (National Institute of Diabetes