PHIL310 - Logic and Reasoning - Portfolio Project
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Bryant & Stratton College *
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PHIL310
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Philosophy
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Dec 6, 2023
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PHIL310 – LOGIC AND REASONING PHIL310-Final Portfolio Project Kyesha Caulcrick Bryant & Stratton College Dr. Japola 4/21/2023
PHIL310 – LOGIC AND REASONING Abstract
Logic and reasoning are important skills to use during personal and professional situations. Logic
and reasoning help individuals make decisions, solve problems, and achieve goals. It is very important for us to understand the importance of recognizing fallacies in the workplace. For example, fallacies are
illogical steps in the formulation of an argument. The purpose of fallacies is to persuade others that an argument or conclusion is valid, even when it is not supported by sound logic and reasoning.
Denying the Antecedent is a fallacious form of reasoning in a formal logic.
Arguments often contain conditional statements, which are statements that claim one fact being true so the other must be true too. For example, Conditional statements can also be thought
of as if-then statements, because they generally have one part beginning with ‘if’ and another beginning with ''then. Denying the antecedent can cause many problems in the workplace due to making assumptions. Assumptions occur when an individual tells themselves something is true without having any evidence of their claim.
PHIL310 – LOGIC AND REASONING Introduction
Today, I will be talking about how denying the antecedent fallacy can affect the work environment. The argument of this fallacy talks about if Paul gets a raise, then Quinn will get a raise too. Paul did not get a raise. Quinn did not get a raise either. The disrupt argumentation of the fallacy is that denying the antecedent is a logical fallacy based on drawing an untrue conclusion from an 'if–then' argument. For example, denying the antecedent makes the mistake of assuming that if the antecedent is denied, then the consequent must also be denied. In other words, if the antecedent is not true, then the consequent must not be true either. In this scenario, assumptions showed that this argument had an error of reasoning that made this argument invalid. This fallacy causes individuals to make assumptions that cause issues that lead to distorting or manipulating facts, drawing false conclusions, or distracting you from the issue at hand.
Denying the antecedent
Denying the antecedent is a logical fallacy based on drawing an untrue conclusion from an “if-
then” statement. Denying the Antecedent is not a valid argument because just one premise being false cannot validly conclude that the whole statement is false. In standard form: if P, then Q, not P, therefore, not Q. The truth table determines the validity for the argument. This fallacy disrupts any argument by leading individuals to believe that their statement is true based upon a faulty conclusion. A faulty conclusion is the partial truth in an argument. An antecedent is an invalid argument form of premises that does not guarantee the truth of a conclusion. For example, if the fallacy is not recognized during an argument, it may cause miscommunication. Denying the
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PHIL310 – LOGIC AND REASONING antecedent is referred to as an inverse error. An inverse error of consequences is a logical error which identifies one statement as true than assumes the inverse statement is also true. The terms of this fallacy are inverse error, invalid modus pollens, fallacy of the inverse, and inverse fallacy. Denying the antecedent causes the mistake of assuming that if the antecedent is denied, then the consequent must also be denied. The consequence of denying the antecedent in the workplace is jumping to conclusions that make it difficult to see situations clearly and increases the risk of making poor decisions. The antecedent-behavior of consequences is something that comes before
a behavior and may trigger that behavior. Behavior is something an individual does, a consequence is something that follows the behavior. For example, If I am the hardest worker in my department, then I will receive the promotion. Nobody put in more time and effect than me. Therefore, my co-workers will not qualify for the promotion.
As a future case manager, the only way to avoid this fallacy in my workplace is to not to make assumptions without knowing if the statement is true or not. The critical thinking abilities that denying the antecedent causes are inconsistency and self-defeating claims. Inconsistency, morality is relative and is just a matter of opinion that is wrong to impose our opinions on other people. Self-defeating Claims is a statement that is strictly speaking, is not logically inconsistent but is instead obviously false. It is very important to avoid and identify this fallacy during an argument because a well-developed set of critical thinking skills builds self-empowerment and confidence, it also enables individuals
to efficiently gather knowledge, quickly process information, and intelligently analyze data. Ways to lessen problems of denying the antecedent in the workplace are being honest, not being gullible or uninformed about the situation. It’s important to step back and think about your actions before you proceed to make assumptions. Always ask questions before jumping to conclusions on a matter that doesn’t concern you. Lastly, always be mindful of the assumptions
PHIL310 – LOGIC AND REASONING that you are planning to make because there are consequences in the actions you make. Just stay focused on the facts and avoid making assumptions without doing the proper research on the topic of the statement. 1.
Standard Form:
2.
Translation:
[(P ⊃
Q) & ~P] ⊃
Q
3.
Truth Table:
P
Q
[ (P
⊃
Q)
&
~P]
⊃
Q
T
T
T
T
F
F
T
F
F
F
F
T
F
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
T
T
T
PHIL310 – LOGIC AND REASONING Conclusion
Logic and reasoning are important skills to use during personal and professional situations. Logic
and reasoning help individuals make decisions, discern the truth, solve problems, produce innovative ideas and set achievable goals. It is particularly important for us to understand the importance of recognizing fallacies in the workplace. Ways to lessen problems of denying the antecedent in the workplace are being honest, not being gullible or uninformed about the situation. It is important to step back and think about your actions before you proceed to make assumptions. Always ask questions before jumping to conclusions on a matter that does not concern you. Lastly, always be mindful of the assumptions that you are planning to make because there are consequences in the actions you make. Just stay focused on the facts and avoid making assumptions. I learned so much when researching for this assignment. The difficult part was trying to make sure that I collect information that will allow me to explain why denying the antecedent in the workplace causing behavioral and critical thinking issues. Tackling the difficulties throughout this assignment allowed me to strengthen my thinking abilities to be able to solve issues that were hard to overcome as a student. If I had the chance to do this assignment over again, I would do it the same way. The difficulties during this assignment allowed me to learn lessons, gain knowledge and wisdom. The mistakes that I made throughout this assignment will only make me a stronger student and professional worker. The strategies I would offer students completing this assignment the first time is to analyze the fallacy well, define your argument, write clearly, and use first and secondary sources as evidence.
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PHIL310 – LOGIC AND REASONING Resources:
Jessica Cowan, M. A. (2023, March 16). Behavior intervention 101: Antecedent interventions. ThinkPsych. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://thinkpsych.com/blog/antecedent-
interventions-to-reduce-challenging-behavior/
Effectiviology. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://effectiviology.com/guide-to-
logical-fallacies/
Understanding the antecedent behavior consequence model. BetterHelp. (n.d.). Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/behavior/understanding-the-antecedent-
behavior-consequence-model/
Take online courses. earn college credit. Research Schools, Degrees & Careers
. Study.com | Take Online Courses. Earn College Credit. Research Schools, Degrees & Careers. (n.d.). Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://study.com/learn/lesson/denying-antecedent-fallacy-
examples.html
PHIL310 – LOGIC AND REASONING