Answer – Yes, the cellular processes of endocytosis and exocytosis require energy as they are both forms of active transport.

Explanation:

The movement of substances into and out of the cell are classified into two types – active transport and passive transport. In passive transport, the cell expends no energy, depending on kinetic energy to move the substances across the concentration gradient. For active transport, on the other hand, this movement usually takes place against the concentration gradient, requiring the cell to expend energy, often with the use of ATP.

The process of endocytosis helps cells take in substances that are external to it, while in exocytosis, the cell expels certain substances. Both of these processes are essential for the proper functioning of the cells and the organism. 

For endocytosis, the substance outside the cell binds itself to receptors present on the cell membrane. This results in the membrane either sending out extensions that surround the substance, or folding in on itself to envelop the substance. Both these methods produce a vesicle within the cell containing the substance, which then detaches from the membrane and is released into the cellular fluid. Endocytosis brings in nutrients from outside the cell necessary for it. In those cells that specialize in this function, endocytosis is also the process through which pathogens and other such damaging organisms are engulfed and destroyed. 

In exocytosis, the substances to be removed from the cell are bound in a vesicle which transports them to the cell membrane and then fuses with it. This fusion ends with the creation of a pore in the cell membrane through which the substances are released outside. The vesicle may then remain attached and integrate with the membrane, or detach from it. Exocytosis rids the cell of waste matter while also functioning as the method through which cells release substances that act as signals, such as hormones and neurotransmitters. When the vesicle remains attached to the membrane, this works to repair and reinforce the membrane as well. 

Both these processes are clearly more complex than a substance simply moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The cell needs energy to perform them and thus, they are forms of active transport.

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