1. How can ADP-ATP translocator be purified through affinity chromatography? Please write a step by step general detailed procedure. 2. What does the 2 cycles within the Q cycle of Complex 3 in terms of making ATP do?
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- Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide about107times faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. If the latter required one year, how much time would be needed by the catalasecatalyzed reaction?A4. what conformational state is stabilized by y in atp synthase? why might achieving this state require energy input from the pmf?5. Gout can be caused by superactivation of PRPP synthase, or partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. Why the change in these enzyme activities can induce the development of this disorder? For the answer: a) write down the scheme of the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes;b) specify metabolic pathways these reactions take part in; c) answer the main question of the problem.
- Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide about 107 times faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. If the latter required one year, how much time would beExplain the general steps in the pathway (use figure 8.53). Make sure to include an explanation of the proteolytic and phosphorylation cascades. What advantage is there in having a cascade part of these pathways? What purpose does it serve?Please when explaining the general steps, please explain them as thoroughly and detailed as you can possibly be.PLP can catalyze both \alpha, \beta elimination reactions and \beta, \gamma - elimination reactions. Propose a mechanism for the following PLP - catalyzed \beta, \gamma elimination
- Whatis the main idea behind the conformational coupling mechanism for ATP synthase? Describe the three conformational states.Mechanisms of catalysis: 2.6 Mechanism of lysozyme summary. These mechanisms involve several of the above-mentioned catalyses. In these summaries, do not just draw a diagram of the proposed mechanisms. It is more important to understand which reaction steps involve what kind of catalysis and how these help to reduce the activation energy needed for the reaction (e.g. a step in the reaction mechanism could be electrostatic catalysis to stabilise the transitions state)You receive kinetic data for a transferase reaction where AX and B are substrates, while A and BX are products. You are asked to establish the reaction mechanism. Which graph will you draw first? A,B,C or D A. 1/Vo against [AXo] at different concentrations of [BXo] B. 1/[AXo] against 1/[Bo] at different concentrations of [BXo] C. 1/Vo against 1/[AXo] at different concentrations of [Bo] / D. 1/Vo against 1/[AXo] at different concentrations of [1/BXo]
- Discuss the reason(s) why the highly exergonic reactions (ΔG<0) of the TCA cycle are the regulated steps while those with ΔG≈0 are not regulated. What do you know about reactions that are highly exergonic? What about those where ΔG≈0? For reactions with ΔG≈0, how do cellular conditions shift the direction of flow? There is one step of the TCA with ΔG0’ >0. What enables that reaction to proceed in the forward direction?In addition to the reactions mentioned in Section 23.5, PLP can catalyze b-substitution reactions. Propose a mechanism for the following PLP-catalyzedb-substitution reaction:#1 Specify the role each of the following amino acids play within the crystal structure and/or active site for Be as specific as possible, with pictures (and mechanistic arrows) as necessary. His11 Arg140 Glu89 Trp68 #2 Provide a step-wise mechanism for the reaction Bisphosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes, using the amino acids responsible for aiding in catalysis. You do not need to add surrounding amino acids that aid in substrate specificity. (drawn out)