1. Neutrons as well as electrons and x-rays can be used to obtain information about molecular structure through diffraction patterns. What must the velocity of a neutron be for its de Broglie wavelength to be about five times smaller than a bond length? How does this velocity compare (bigger, smaller, or the same) if electrons were diffracted? A typical bond length for C-C is 1.54Å (1.54 x 10-1ºm).

1. Neutrons as well as electrons and x-rays can be used to obtain information about molecular structure through diffraction patterns. What must the velocity of a neutron be for its de Broglie wavelength to be about five times smaller than a bond length? How does this velocity compare (bigger, smaller, or the same) if electrons were diffracted? A typical bond length for C-C is 1.54Å (1.54 x 10-1ºm).

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter3: Atomic Shells And Classical Models Of Chemical Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7P

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An ion M2+ has the configuration [Ar]3d2, and an atom has the configuration [Ar]4s2. Identify the ion and the atom.
Determine the lattice energy for LiCl(s) given these data: Sublimation enthalpy of Li, 161 kJ/mol; IE, for Li, 520 kJ/mol; BE of Cl2(g), 242 kJ/mol; electron affinity of Cl, 349 kJ/mol; formation enthalpy of LiCl(s), 408.7 kJ/mol.
What is the electron configuration of the Ba3+ ion? Suggest a reason why this ion is not normally found in nature.
Photoelectron spectroscopy applies the principle of the pho-toelectric effect to study orbital energies of atoms and mol-ecules. High-energy radiation (usually UV or x-ray) is absorbedby a sample and an electron is ejected. The orbital energy can becalculated from the known energy of the radiation and the mea-sured energy of the electron lost. The following energy differ-ences were determined for several electron transitions:ΔE 2→1=4.098X10⁻¹⁷J, ΔE 3→1=4.854X10⁻¹⁷J, ΔE 5→1=5.242X10⁻¹⁷J, ΔE 4→2=1.024X10⁻¹⁷J Calculate the energy change and the wavelength of a photon emitted in the following transitions:(a) Level 3→2 (b) Level4→1 (c) Level5→4
What is the best reason for the observation that carbon can form four bonds and not two as expected from its electron configuration? * a) Carbon is in main group 4 of the periodic table. b) Carbon has four valence electrons in the n = 2 energy level. c) An electron is transferred from the filled 2s orbital to an unoccupied 2p orbital. d) The energy gap between the n = 1 and n = 2 is large and no further electrons can, therefore, be promoted from lower energy levels to facilitate more bonds. e) All of the reasons given above explain the observation
Match each of the following with its correct answer An electron in the n= 6 level in hydrogen atom emits a photon with a wavelength of 93.8 nm. To what energy level does the electron move Choose... Choose... The formal charge on nitrogen in the Lewis structure of NO+ is 1 -1 2 In the lewis structure for the CS, molecule, the number of unshared pairs of electrons on the central carbon is: Choose... The number of Tt bond (s) in the Lewis structure of NO- is Choose... v The formal charge on oxygen in the Lewis structure of NO+ is Choose... v
The work function (Φ) of a metal is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from its surface. (a) Is it easier toremove an electron from a gaseous silver atom or from the sur-face of solid silver (Φ=7.59X10⁻¹⁹J; IE =731 kJ/mol)? (b) Explain the results in terms of the electron-sea model ofmetallic bonding
Photoelectron spectroscopy applies the principle of the photoelectric effect to study orbital energies of atoms and mol ecules. High-energy radiation (usually UV or x-ray) is absorbed by a sample and an electron is ejected. The orbital energy can be calculated from the known energy of the radiation and the mea sured energy of the electron lost. The following energy differences were determined for several electron transitions: ∆E2→1 = 4.098x10-17 J ∆E3→£1 = 4.854x10-17 J ∆E5→1 = 5.242x10-17 J ∆E4→2 = 1.024x10-17 J Calculate ∆E and l of a photon emitted in the following transitions: (a) level 3 → 2; (b) level 4 → 1; (c) level 5→4.
Given: Enthalpy of atomisation of calcium =+ 178 kJ First ionisation energy of calcium =+590 kJ Second ionisation energy of calcium = +1145 kJ Enthalpy of atomisation of chlorine =+ 121 kJ Electron affinity of chlorine Lattice energy of calcium chloride =- 2258 kJ = - 346 kJ Construct a Born-Haber cycle for calcium chloride, CaCl2 by using the data given above. Hence, calculate the enthalpy of formation of calcium chloride. b. The enthalpy of solution for calcium chloride crystal is -81.3 kJ mol'. Based on the data from the above Born-Haber cycle, calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction below: Ca" (g) + 2CI (g)–→ Ca* (aq) + 2CI¯ (aq)
Compared to their neutral atom counterparts, ions will have smaller or larger atomic radii due to their losing or gaining electrons. According to Jensen (2010), Linus Pauling assigned the radius of the oxygen anion (O“) at 140 pm (larger than the neutral atom, 66 pm). On the other hand, the magnesium atom loses 95 ppm from its 160 ppm radius when it loses two valence electrons, forming the magnesium ion. Determine the value of constant B wen constant n is approcimately 8. Unit is in N-m9
Compared to their neutral atom counterparts, ions will have smaller or larger atomic radii due to their losing or gaining electrons. According to Jensen (2010), Linus Pauling assigned the radius of the oxygen anion (O“) at 140 pm (larger than the neutral atom, 66 pm). On the other hand, the magnesium atom loses 95 ppm from its 160 ppm radius when it loses two valence electrons, forming the magnesium ion. Determine the value of constant A in N-m2
The bond energy of the O=O bond is 498 kJ/mol. What is the minimum frequency of light that can break one O=O bond? Provide your answer in E- notation rounded to 3 significant figures.

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