2. Alternative explanations of wage disparities Suppose that a professor of labor economics finds that one of their research subjects has earned significantly higher wages throughout their lifetime than would be predicted by standard measured variables. The economist also notes that each of the subject's job roles was linked to social connections established at their family's yacht club. Which item from the following list most likely explains this individual's high earnings? Chance Efficiency wages Effort Compensating differentials Suppose that Hilary receives higher pay from her company than her colleagues, despite the fact that they perform basically the same type of role. If Hillary's productivity is about 37 percent higher than that of her second-best colleague, which of the concepts from the following list can explain this wage disparity? Check all that apply. Natural ability Compensating differentials Human capital Discrimination The superstar phenomenon.

2. Alternative explanations of wage disparities Suppose that a professor of labor economics finds that one of their research subjects has earned significantly higher wages throughout their lifetime than would be predicted by standard measured variables. The economist also notes that each of the subject's job roles was linked to social connections established at their family's yacht club. Which item from the following list most likely explains this individual's high earnings? Chance Efficiency wages Effort Compensating differentials Suppose that Hilary receives higher pay from her company than her colleagues, despite the fact that they perform basically the same type of role. If Hillary's productivity is about 37 percent higher than that of her second-best colleague, which of the concepts from the following list can explain this wage disparity? Check all that apply. Natural ability Compensating differentials Human capital Discrimination The superstar phenomenon.

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter11: Profit Maximization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11.8P

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Fringe benefits:a. As you might have suspected, employee nonwage (fringe) benefits make up a muchlarger percentage of labor costs in the United States today than they did a few generationsago (refer to Table 3.1 in the textbook). Fringe benefits as a form of labor compensationis also very unique to the U.S. and other developed nations. Do you think that thegrowing fringe benefit share of labor costs has made the level of employment moreresponsive or less responsive to changes in labor demand over the ups and downs in theoverall economy? In other words, has it given the employers of labor more or lessflexibility as they try to adapt to continuously changing economic conditions?
Define the income-leisure trade-off that makes up the labor supply functionand the intuition for the upward sloping labor supply curve. What two effectsare involved in this trade-off? Explain.
Will discriminatory wage differentials persist or are they temporary? OA. If discrimination is due to government laws or the preferences of consumers, then the wage differentials will be permanent for as long as those laws or preferences persist. OB. If discrimination is due to government laws or the preferences of consumers, then the wage differentials will be temporary OC. If discrimination is due to government laws, then the wage differentials will be temporary. If discrimination is due to the preferences of consumers, then the wage differentials will be permanent for as long as those preferences persist. OD. If discrimination is due to government laws, then the wage differentials will be permanent for as long as those laws persist. If discrimination is due to the preferences of consumers, then the wage differentials will be temporary.
4. The different programs discussed in this chapter often have ambiguous effects on work effort. It is, nonetheless, possible to compare the work incentives of two programs by looking at what happens when the individual is indifferent between two programs. Use this approach to compare the work incentives of the following two pairs of programs: a. Earned income tax credit compared to welfare (discuss this only during the phase-in part of the EITC which would be the more likely scenario for an agent to be at risk of non-participating in the labor market). b. Wages subsidy compared to a negative income tax. In both cases, use graphs to show the hours of work chosen under the two programs by an individual who is indifferent between the two programs.
5. Suppose that John could work 365 days per year and could earn $200 per day for each day he worked. a. Draw his budget line with respect to his labor-leisure tradeoff b. Suppose that John chooses to work 200 days per year. Draw the appropriate indifference curve, and not his equilibrium wage income and labor-leisure choices c. Suppose that John’s wage rises to $210 per day. Show how his equilibrium level of income and labor-leisure will change. d. Suppose John is ill ten days per year. Draw the impact of this illness on the equilibrium above. How will it change his equilibrium allocation of earnings and labor vs. leisure?
2. What is a compensating wage differential? Discuss whether or not we observe such differentials in life. Further discuss, whether a compensating wage differential can actually "compensate" associated risks.
Title 1. Suppose that the indifference curves between consumption and leisure are concave to the origin.... Description 1. Suppose that the indifference curves between consumption and leisure are concave to the origin. How many hours will a person allocate to leisure activities? 2. Suppose that the price of goods purchased in the marketplace rises. What is the impact of this price increase on the worker's reservation wage, on the worker's probability of entering the labor force, and on hours of work? 3. What happens to a worker's desired hours of work if employers pay an overtime premium equal to "time and a half'(that is, 1 .5 times the straight-time wage) for any hours worked in excess of 40 hours? What would happen to hours of work if the overtime premium were raised to double the straight-time wage?
5. What are the three primary factors that determine the magnitude of the wage elasticity ofdemand for labour? These are called Hicks’ laws. For each of them, explain how they work..
1. Given the graph below, would Amy enter the LF? What is her reservation wage? MG() A 33 30 15 16 Hours of NMT 2. Suppose Amy's nonlabor income increases and shifts her budget constraint to BE'. Given the graph below, what happened to Amy's reservation wage? How would Amy's work decision change? 0 MO(S) A 30 E 16 Hours of NMT
14.ASsume the labor force is made up of 40% women and 60% men. If 40% of all manufacturing jobsare held by women and 90% of the highest-paying management and executive level jobs inManufatacturing are held by men, then, with respect to the manufacturing sector, it can be said that: multiple choiceO.a. there is no horizontal occupational segregation but there is vertical occupational segregation. O.b. there is both horizontal and vertical occupational segregation.O.c. there is no sex-based discrimination in entry-level By solving it for 'r' through hit and trial method, the required interest rate can be found.positions but there is sex-based discriminationin management level positions.O.d. there is no sex-based discrimination in management positions but there is sex-baseddiscrimination in executive level positions.
Question Recently, the owner of KFC Franchise decided to change how she compensated hertop manager. Last year, the manager received a fixed salary of GHC50,000 and KFCmade GHC110,000 in profits (excluding the manager’s compensation). She fearedthat her store’s performance was connected to the top manager shirking on the joband expected that changes to her top manager’s compensation structure wouldimprove sales. Therefore, this year she decided to offer him a fixed salary of $40,000plus 5 percent of the store’s profit. Since the change, the store is performing muchbetter, and she forecasts profits this year to be $300,000 (again, excluding themanager’s compensation). Assuming the change of compensation is the reason for the increased profits, and the forecast is accurate, how much more money will theowner make (net of payment to her top manager) because of this change?Does the manager make more money under the new payment scheme?
Otherthingsbeingconstant,howwillthefollowinginfluence the hourly earnings of employees? Explain your answer. The employee must work the midnight to 8:00 a.m. shift. The job involves split shifts (work three hours, off two hours, work three additional hours, and so on). Theemployerprovideslow-costchildcareservicesonthe premises. The job is widely viewed as prestigious. The job requires employees to move often from city to city. The job requires substantial amounts of out-of-town travel.