(6)(a)Identify the revenue and cost related motives for direct foreign investment. (b)Suppose a U.S. based MNC plans to invest in a new plant either in the U.S or in Zambia. The MNC intends to invest 30% of its investment spending in this new plant while the remainder is devoted to the firm's existing structure in the U.S. The characteristics of the proposed new project are given below: If located in U.S If located in Zambia Mean expected annual returns on investment 25% 25% Standard deviation of expected annual returns on investment 0.09 0.11 Correlation of expected annual returns on investment with returns on prevailing U.S business 0.80 -0.05 Determine, with robust quantitative explanation, which location will best provide the firm with a more stable flow of revenue.
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- One of the important components of multinational capital budgeting is to analyze the cash flows generated from subsidiary companies. Consider this case: Sacramone Products Co. is a U.S. firm evaluating a project in Australia. You have the following information about the project: • The project requires an investment of AU$1,230,000 today and is expected to generate cash flows of AU$1,200,000 at the end of each of the next two years. • The current exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Australian dollar is $0.7877 per Australian dollar (AU$). • The one-year forward exchange rate is $0.8109 / AU$, and the two-year forward exchange rate is $0.8455 / AU$. • The firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 9%, and the project is of average risk. What is the dollar-denominated net present value (NPV) of this project? $933,397 $777,831 $738,939 $855,614Suppose that Kittle Co. is a U.S. based MNC that is considering setting up a subsidiary in Singapore. Kittle would like this subsidiary to produce and sell guitars locally in Singapore, and needs assistance with capital budgeting. The duration of this project is four years, with an initial investment of S$20,000,000 (Singapore dollars). Kittle Co. managers provide you key information regarding the project. 1. The government in Singapore will tax any remitted earnings at a rate of 10.00%. 2. The subsidiary will remit all of it’s after-tax earnings back to the parent. 3. The forecasted exchange rate of the Singapore dollar over the four-year period is $0.50. 4. The salvage value is S$12,000,000, which will be paid by the Singapore government in exchange for ownership of the subsidiary after four years. 5. The required rate of return is 15.00%. Furthermore, no funds can be remitted from the subsidiary to the parent until the subsidiary is sold for the salvage value at the…Suppose that Kittle Co. is a U.S. based MNC that is considering setting up a subsidiary in Singapore. Kittle would like this subsidiary to produce and sell guitars locally in Singapore, and needs assistance with capital budgeting. The duration of this project is four years, with an initial investment of S$20,000,000 (Singapore dollars). Kittle Co. managers provide you key information regarding the project. 1. The government in Singapore will tax any remitted earnings at a rate of 10.00%. 2. The subsidiary will remit all of it’s after-tax earnings back to the parent. 3. The forecasted exchange rate of the Singapore dollar over the four-year period is $0.50. 4. The salvage value is S$12,000,000, which will be paid by the Singapore government in exchange for ownership of the subsidiary after four years. 5. The required rate of return is 15.00%. Furthermore, no funds can be remitted from the subsidiary to the parent until the subsidiary is sold for the salvage value at…
- The Windsor Foundation, a U.S.-based, not-for-profit charitable organization, has a diversified investment portfolio of $100 million. Windsor’s board of directors is considering an initial investment in emerging market equities. Robert Houston, treasurer of the foundation, has made the following comments:a. “For an investor holding only developed market equities, the existence of stable emerging market currencies is one of several preconditions necessary for that investor to realize strong emerging market performance.”b. “Local currency depreciation against the dollar has been a frequent occurrence for U.S. investors in emerging markets. U.S. investors have consistently seen large percentages of their returns erased by currency depreciation. This is true even for long-term investors.”c. “Historically, the addition of emerging market stocks to a U.S. equity portfolio such as the S&P 500 index has reduced volatility; volatility has also been reduced when emerging market stocks are…Lexington Corp., a U.S. firm, currently has no existing business in New Zealand but is considering establishing a subsidiary there to serve the local market there. The following information has been gathered to assess this project.• The initial investment required is 25 million New Zealand dollars (NZ$).• The project will be terminated at the end of year 5, when the subsidiary will be sold. • The current spot rate of the New Zealand dollar is quoted as: USD/NZD = 0.6746 and for now it is assumed to remain constant until the end of the project. • The after-tax earnings of the subsidiary are estimated to be NZ$1,500,000; NZ$2,750,000; NZ$3,900,000; NZ$5,000,000 and NZ$6,250,000 at the end of years one, two, three, four, and five respectively.• The New Zealand government will impose a withholding tax of 15 percent on remitted earnings by the subsidiary.• All cash flows received by the subsidiary are to be sent to the parent at the end of each year. • The salvage value to be received is…Lexington Corp., a U.S. firm, currently has no existing business in New Zealand but is considering establishing a subsidiary there to serve the local market there. The following information has been gathered to assess this project.• The initial investment required is 25 million New Zealand dollars (NZ$).• The project will be terminated at the end of year 5, when the subsidiary will be sold. • The current spot rate of the New Zealand dollar is quoted as: USD/NZD = 0.6746 and for now it is assumed to remain constant until the end of the project. • The after-tax earnings of the subsidiary are estimated to be NZ$1,500,000; NZ$2,750,000; NZ$3,900,000; NZ$5,000,000 and NZ$6,250,000 at the end of years one, two, three, four, and five respectively.• The New Zealand government will impose a withholding tax of 15 percent on remitted earnings by the subsidiary.• All cash flows received by the subsidiary are to be sent to the parent at the end of each year. • The salvage value to be received is…
- The CFO of Expansion Group Ltd. has been presented with an opportunity to undertake a 7-year project in Turkey. As an emerging market, some incentives are available for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the country and she would like to evaluate this proposal.The following data is available for the evaluation of the project: The project investment is expected to cost £3,500,000, payable at the start of the project. Of this amount, £3,000,000 is a capital investment, with the remainder required for set up costs and other project related expenses. (Ignore depreciation for the purpose of this exercise.)The after-tax cash inflows have been estimated at £800,000 per year for the duration of the project. An opportunity cost of expansion in the UK has been identified and valued at £725,000.Costs for a visit to Turkey to evaluate the location and for meetings with the Turkish investment authority (ISPAT) have been recorded as £50,000.The company is publicly traded and the βeta of its stock is…Suppose a U.S. firm builds a factory in China, staffs it with Chinese workers, uses materials supplied by Chinese companies, and finances the entire operation with a loan from a Chinese bank located in the same town as the factory. This firm is most likely trying to greatly reduce, or eliminate, which one of the following? Interest rate disparities Short-run exposure to exchange rate risk Long-run exposure to exchange rate risk Political risk associated with the foreign operations Translation exposure to exchange rate riskAssume the following information for Sazea Bhd. a U.S. based MNC that is considering to obtain funding for a project in Malaysia: U.S. risk-free rate = 4% Malaysian risk-free rate = 5% Risk premium on dollar-denominated debt provided by U.S. creditors = 3% Risk premium on euro-denominated debt provided by Malaysian creditors = 4% Beta of project = 1.2 Expected U.S. market return = 10% U.S. corporate tax rate = 30% Malaysian corporate tax rate = 40% Calculate Sazea’s cost of dollar-denominated equity.
- A company in country X with currency XSD is analyzing a potential investment in country Y with currency YSD. The best estimate is that YSD will be devalued in the international markets at an average of 3%. If the MARR of this company in country X is 23% what is the MARR that the company should use in country Y?QUESTION 1. If Commonwealth Bank, an Australian Bank, borrows short-term funds from the United States Government, then from the United States point of view, this would be called: (a) Inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). (b) Inward Portfolio Investment. (c) Outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). (d) Outward Portfolio Investment. Explain why. QUESTION 2. Consider a standard Heckscher-Ohlin model with two countries: Germany is capital-abundant; Malaysia is labour-abundant. Each country uses labour and capital to produce two goods: Good 1 is labour-intensive and Good 2 is capital-intensive. Under free trade, the world relative price of Good 2 will be: (a) Lower than the relative price of Good 2 under autarky in Malaysia. (b) Lower than the relative price of Good 2 under autarky in Germany. (c) Lower than the autarky relative price of Good 2 in both countries. (d) Higher than the autarky relative price of Good 2 in both countries. Explain why. QUESTION 3. If Indonesia (which is a…