7. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Ethan and Cadence are playing a game that requires both to simultaneously choose action: Up or Down. The payoff matrix that follows shows the earnings of each person as a function of both of their choices. For example, the upper-right cell shows that if Ethan chooses and Cadence chooses Down, Ethan will receive a payoff of 4 and Cadence will receive a payoff Ethan Up Down Cadence Up Down 6,5 4,4 5,3 7,2 In this game, the only dominant strategy is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Ethan chooses and Cadence chooses

7. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Ethan and Cadence are playing a game that requires both to simultaneously choose action: Up or Down. The payoff matrix that follows shows the earnings of each person as a function of both of their choices. For example, the upper-right cell shows that if Ethan chooses and Cadence chooses Down, Ethan will receive a payoff of 4 and Cadence will receive a payoff Ethan Up Down Cadence Up Down 6,5 4,4 5,3 7,2 In this game, the only dominant strategy is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Ethan chooses and Cadence chooses

Exploring Economics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781544336329

Author:Robert L. Sexton

Publisher:Robert L. Sexton

Chapter15: Oligopoly And Strategic Behavior

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17P

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Consider the following game: Player 2 In Out Player 1 In -2,-2 2, 0 Out 0, 2 0, 0 (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game, or what are the Nash equilibriaof this game? (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)? Which? (c) Suppose Player 1 could move before Player 2 and Player 2 could observe Player 1’s move. What do you think would happen?
Consider Bernard \ Mary Left Center Right Top 0,5 1,0 2,2 Bottom 1,0 0,3 2,2 The first number in a cell denotes the payoff to Bernard and the second number denotes the payoff to MaryForexample: πB(B,L)=1and πM(T,L)=5. a Give all pure strategy Nash equilibria of this one-shot game, if any. Briefly explain.Let Bernard play Top with probability p and Bottom with probability 1 − p; let Mary play Left with probability qL , Center with probability qC and Right with probability qR = 1 − qL − qC . b Give all mixed strategy Nash equilibria of this game.
1. Consider the game where initially She chooses between "Stay Home" and "Go Out". If She chooses "Stay Home" then She gets 2 and He gets 0. If She chooses "Go Out" then they each simultaneously choose "Movie" or "Concert" where the payoffs are 0,1 or 3 as in the Battle of the Sexes Game. What are the subgame perfect Nash Equilibria of this game ?
Suppose O2 and Vodafone are the only two telecommunicationscompanies in UK. Both companies are considering whether ornot to stop offering unlimited data plans. Each company has twostrategies: stop or don’t stop. The first entry in the brackets is the payoffsof O2 and the second entry is the payoffs of Vodafone, both in $million.What will be the dominant strategies of O2 and Vodafone and what willbe the Nash equilibrium? Explain your answers.
a) Find the Nash equilibria in the game (in pure and mixed strategies) and the associated payoffs for the players. b) Now assume that the game is extended in the following way: in the beginning Player 1 can decide whether to opt out (this choice is denoted by O) or whether to play the simultaneous-move game in a) (this choice is denoted by G). If Player 1 opts out (plays O) then both Player 1 and Player 2 get a payoff of 4 each and the game ends. If Player 1 decides to play G, then the simultaneous-move game is played. Find the pure-strategy Nash equilibria in this extended version of the game. (Hint: note that Player 1 now has 4 strategies and write the game up in a 4x2 matrix.) c) Write the game in (b) up in extensive form (a game tree). Identify the subgames of this game.
Solve for the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) in each of the following games. (a) The following two-by-two game is a little harder to solve since firm 2’spreferred strategy depends of what firm 1 does. But firm 1 has a dominantstrategy so this game has one Nash equilibrium. Firm 2 Launch Don’tFirm 1 Launch 60, -10 100, 0 Don’t 80, 30 120, 0 What is the Nash equilibrium of this simultaneous-move game? (b) What would the outcome of this game be if instead firm 1 moved first and then, after seeing what firm 1 chose, firm 2 chose it strategy? In this case firm 1 doesn’t necessarily need to choose a best response, but firm 2 must choose a best response since it moves second.
on 8.1 Consider the following game: Player 1 A C D 7,6 5,8 0,0 Player 2 E 5,8 7,6 1, 1 F 0,0 1,1 4,4 a. Find the pure-strategy Nash equilibria (if any). b. Find the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium in which each player randomizes over just the first two actions. c. Compute players' expected payoffs in the equilibria found in parts (a) and (b). d. Draw the extensive form for this game.
1. Prove that every trembling-hand perfect equilibrium (for the agent normal form) is sequential. Show by example that the converse is false. The remaining problems in this chapter concern game-theoretic variations on the classic models of oligopoly. They are primarily about those models and so relate more to material in other chapters, but they could not have been posed until we had covered Nash equilibria and sub game perfection. 2. Prove that in the Bertrand game, if prices must be charged in integer multiples of a penny, then there is always at least one Nash equilibrium in which players do not use weakly dominated strategies.