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- 1. The monetary transmission mechanism can be depicted in the form of a graph or using symbols.Explain, with the aid of symbols, the monetary transmission mechanism when interest rates increase (Note: Prices and wages are variable.)2. Explain, using the AD‐AS model, how the South African Government can use fiscal policy as a tool to recover from the negative effects of this COVID‐19 pandemic.Your answer must include the following: The description of the type of fiscal policy required; An explanation of how the implementation of this tool will work their way through the economy to achieve the desired effect; The AD‐AS graph showing the implications of your recommendations. (5)Marks will be awarded for your ability to integrate theory with the scenarioprovided.E1 Suppose the Central Bank of Bothnia buys Treasury Bonds. What will be the impact on the price level and real GDP in the country of Bothnia? Would the purchase of treasury bonds be considered expansionary or contractionary policy AND would this be fiscal or monetary policy?QUESTION 8 expenditures, income 120 110 100 28888888 QUESTION 9 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 08. Which of the following could have caused a shift of the Aggregate Expenditures curve from AE1 to AE2? O (a) an increase in the price level (b) an increase in the rate of interest O (c) an improvement in consumer confidence O (d) a contractionary monetary policy 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 income: Q 2006 NATIONAL INCOME DATA (billions of dollars) Personal consumption expenditures Gross private domestic investment Exports Imports 9277.2 2701.0 1470.2 2256.6 Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Capital consumption allowances (depreciation) 953.3 Survey of Current Business, National Income and Product Accounts, Tables 1.1.5 & 7.13 09. The Net Domestic Product is: O(a) 19282.1 O (b) 17025.5 O (c) 16072.2 (d) 13815.6 O(e) 12862.3 AE2 AE 1 2623.8
- 14) During a period when economic growth is very strong and inflation rates are rising to uncomfortable levels, Federal Reserve policymakers might decide to pursue which type of monetary policy? 15) Which of the following pairs of terms is used to describe fluctuations in the economy? 16) During a contractionary phase of the business cycle which of the following most likely occurs? 17) Which of the following regulations prevent price gouging? 18) what does fiscal policy include?1. Which of the following is concerned with changing the aggregate demand of thenation?A) External balanceB) Internal balanceC) Expenditure-changing policiesD) Expenditure-switching policiesAnswer: 2. Which of the following is an example of an expansionary monetary policy?A) Increase in TaxesB) Increase in the nation's money supplyC)Increased government expendituresD) Reduction in taxesAnswer:Question 4. (1) As discussed, the IS-LM model can explain the impact of fiscal policy to aggregate output (Y). For the IS curve, government purchase (G) is an endogenous or exogenous variable? How a lower government purchase G would affect Y? How to illustrate the change graphically? (2) For the LM curve, use your language to explain how the supply of real money balance is related to total money supply (M) and the price level (P). For M and P, which one is endogenous or exogenous to the LM model? (3) Use your language to explain how to derive the aggregate demand (AD) curve from the IS- LM model? How the AD curve is sloped and why?
- 8. Macroeconomic factors that Apart from risk components, several macroeconomic factors-such as Federal Reserve (the Fed) policy, federal budget deficit or surplus, international factors, and levels of business activity-influence interest rates. Based on your understanding of the impact of macroeconomic factors, identify which of the following statements are true or false: Statements True False The larger the federal deficit, other things held constant, the higher are interest rates. O When the economy is weakening, the Fed is likely to increase short-term interest rates. O O Long-term interest rates are not as sensitive to booms and recessions as are short-term interest rates. O When the economy is weakening, the Fed is likely to decrease short-term interest rates. O O4.This is a two-part assignment using the links below plus additional resources. Using the below links interpret the monetary and fiscal policies as either expansionary or contractionary. Define which school of thought supports each of the polices. Make sure to cite at least three sources either in MLA or APA style and have a minimum of 250 words. Here are some sources to get started https://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/budget-spending/ (Links to an external site.) https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomccalendars.htm9. What is the difference between monetary policy and fiscal policy? * is known as A-The tool used by the central bank to regulate the money supply in the monetary policy B-The tool used by the government in which it uses its tax revenues and expenditure policies to affect the economy is known as fiscal policy C-Monetary poliey is administered by the government of the country whereas fiscal policy is administered by the eentral bank of the country economy O A and B A only B only A and C TOSHIBA
- YEAR POTENTIAL GDP REAL GDP PRICE LEVEL 2020 $1500 billion $1500 billion 100 2021 $1590 billion $1560 billion 105 Refer to the table above to answer the questions below: a) Explain whether a contractionary or an expansionary fiscal or monetary policy should be implemented in 2021. b) Based on you answer to part a) above, identity one monetary and fiscal policy instrument. c) If the economy is successful in keeping real GDP at its potential level in 2021, state whether each of the following will be higher, lower, or the same if this economy had taken no action. i Real GDPii Potential GDPiii The inflation rateiv The unemployment rate d) Now let us suppose that real GDP in 2021 was higher than the potential GDP in 2021. What would your answer to part a) and part b) be under this scenario?1)Identify one possible expansionary monetary policy. 2)Carefully explain in as much detail as possible, how the chosen action will impact the money market? 3)illustrated the overall impact of the chosen action on the money market In 2019, while there was a mixed approach to monetary policy-setting in the Caribbean, overall the monetary policy stance in the region remained accommodative. Jamaica, for instance, continued to pursue an expansionary monetary policy with the Bank of Jamaica cutting its overnight rates four times in 2019. The overnight rates were reduced from 1.75% in December 2018 to a historic low of 0.50% in August 2019. In contrast, the Central Bank van Suriname increased the reserve requirement for foreign currency deposits and required that at least half of commercial banks’ USD cash deposits and all of the EUR deposits be held at the Bank, in order to maintain a stable exchange rate.Further, despite the subdued economic activity, the Central Bank of Trinidad…1-Suppose the economy is in recession and the monetary policymakers lower interest rates in an effort tostabilize the economy.Use an aggregate supply and demand diagram to demonstrate the effects of a monetary easing when thetransmission mechanisms are functioning normally and when the transmission mechanisms are weak, suchas during a deep downturn or when significant financial frictions are present.
