A 2-year-old child, admitted to hospital following diarrhoea and vomiting, had the fol-lowing results on analysis of plasma, 24 hours after admission (reference ranges aregiven in brackets):Sodium(135-145)Potassium(3.5-5.0)Urea(3.5-6.6)Creatinine(70-150)Osmolality(285-305)The urine sodium concentration was 55 mmol/L and its osmolality was 314 mOsm/kg.Comment on these results.151 mmol/L3.7 mmol/L4.9 mmol/L65 μmol/L314 mOsm/kg

Following diarrhoea and vomiting there is loss of water along with other important things like…

Answered: A 2-year-old child, admitted to…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter14: The Urinary System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TAHL

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.
Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic effect? tea coffee alcohol milk
The set of results that most accurately reflects severe renal disease is: 1) Serum creatinine, 1.0mg/dL;creatinine clearance, 110 ml/min; BUN, 17mg/dL 2) Serum creatinine, 1.0mg/dL; creatinine clearance, 95 ml/min; BUN, 43 mg/dL 3) Serum creatinine, 2.0mg/dL; creatinine clearance, 120 ml/min; BUN, 14 mg/dL 4) Serum creatinine, 3.7 mg/dL; creatinine clearance, 44 ml/min; BUN, 88 mg/dL
a 54 year old man develops vomiting and diarrhea over a 24 hour period. his serum sodium concentration is 140 mEq/L. Intravenous infusion of isotonic saline is initiated . which of the following changes and intracellular and extracellular fluid volume is most likely to result from this infusion a ICF volume : decreased , ECF decreased b. ICF volume :increased , ECF decreased c. ICF volume : increased , ECF. increased d. ICF volume : increased , ECF. no change e. ICF volume : no change , ECF increased
If a patient collects a 24 hour urine specimen with a volume of 1500 mL, and the patient's serum Creatinine is 5 mg/dl, and the urine creatinine is 100 mg/dl, then what is the creatinine clearance in ml/min?
30, With respect to renal autoregulation, myogenic mechanism refers to Multiple Choice both glomerulus increase of blood flow and macula densa secreting renin are correct ability of macula densa to sense a increase in Na+ content in tubular fluid and secrete renin in response ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation to adjust blood vessel diameter ability of glomerulus to increase blood flow and increase filtration rate
A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 20day history of lethargy. Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. The results of laboratory studies are shown: serum: Na+ 165 mEa/L (N=139-146) Cl- 130 mEq/L (N=95-105) Osmolality 334 mOsmol/kg H2O (N=282-295) urine: specific gravity 1.001 osmolality 117 mOsmol/kg H2O (N>200) He is admitted to the hospital. His urine output is increased. His serum ADH (vasopressin) concentraion is 24 pg/mL (N=1-5); aldosterone and renin concentrations are within the reference ranges. The urine osmolality remains unchanges after administration of 1-deamino-B-arginine vasopressin. An MRI of the brain and pituitary gland shows no abnormalities. Ultrasonography shows normal kidneys. The most likely underlying cause of the findings in this patient is a defect in which of the following?a. angiotensin-converting enzyme b. aquaporin c. 11a-Hydroxylase d. renin e. vasopressin receptors
A 26-year-old woman reports that she has a severe migraine and has taken six times more than the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days to relieve her headaches. Her plasma pH is 7.24. Which of the following would you expect to find compared with normal? Group of answer choices Increased NH4+ excretion Decreased NH4+ excretion No change in NH4+ excretion none of the above
Following surgery to correct a massive hemorrhage, a 55-year-old patient exhibits oliguria and edema. Blood test results indicate increasing azotemia and electrolyte imbalance. The glomerular filtration rate is 20 mL/min. Urinalysis results are as follows: COLOR: Yellow KETONES: Negative CLARITY: Cloudy BLOOD: Moderate GRAVITY: 1.010 BILIRUBIN: Negative pH: 7.0 UROBILINOGEN: Normal PROTEIN: 3+ NITRITE: Negative GLUCOSE: 2+ LEUKOCYTE: Negative Microscopic: 50–60 RBCs/hpf 2–3 granular casts/lpf 3–6 WBCs/hpf 2–3 RTE cell casts/lpf 3–4 RTE cells/hpf 0–1 waxy casts/lpf 0–1 broad granular casts/lpf What diagnosis do the patient’s history and laboratory results suggest? What is the most probable cause of the patient’s disorder? Is this considered to be of prerenal, renal, or postrenal origin?
A two-month old child was admitted to hospital after failure to thrive. The “boy”, whose external genitalia were ambiguous, was found to have elevated blood pressure, but no dehydration. The following measurements were made on a plasma sample taken on admission: Variable Result Reference Range Urea (mM) 6.2 2.5 - 7.0 Creatinine (μ�M) 95 60 - 120 Glucose (mM) 4.3 3.5 - 5.5. (fasting) Na+ (mM) 170 134 -147 K+ (mM) 2.8 3.5 - 5.0 11 -deoxycortisol (nM) 57 <10 Deoxycorticosterone (nM) 1.3 <0.4 Cortisol (nM) 22 138 - 690 Testosterone (nM) 7.4 0.5 -3.2 (adult female) 5 - 40 (adult male) The concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and ∆4-androstenedione were also increased above the reference range. A chromosome analysis showed that the child was a genotypic female (46, XX karyotype). A consultant obstetrician initially diagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia, however they were confused by the…
A patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing). You use inulin to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the following information: Plasma level (P – constant over 24 hours): 10 mg/mL inulin. Urine sample (U): 144 mg inulin/mL urine. Urine formation (V): 10 mL/min. Using the fromula GFR=V ✕ U/P, you calculate a GFR of ... A) 144mL/min.. B) 14400 mL/min. C) 144 min./mL. D) 144 g mannitol/min.
A uremic patient has a urine output of 1.8 L/24 h and an average creatinine concentration of 2.2 mg/dL. What is the creatinine clearance? How would you adjust the dose of a drug normally given at 20 mg/kg every 6 hours in this patient (assume the urine creatinine concentration is 0.1 mg/mL and creatinine clearance is 100 mL/min)?

Recommended textbooks for you

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap …

Biology

ISBN:

9781285866932

Author:

Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6E

Biology

ISBN:

9781133893943

Author:

ESTRIDGE

Publisher:

Cengage

Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a…

Nursing

ISBN:

9781305964792

Author:

Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap …

Biology

ISBN:

9781285866932

Author:

Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6E

Biology

ISBN:

9781133893943

Author:

ESTRIDGE

Publisher:

Cengage

Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a…

Nursing

ISBN:

9781305964792

Author:

Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Curren'S Math For Meds: Dosages & Sol

Nursing

ISBN:

9781305143531

Author:

CURREN

Publisher:

Cengage

Biology 2e

Biology

ISBN:

9781947172517

Author:

Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:

OpenStax

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

Biology

ISBN:

9781305112100

Author:

Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS