(a) Monosaccharide (b) Disaccharide CH, (c) Polysaccharide Figure 2.13 Carbohydrate molecules vary in size. (a) A monosaccharide molecule consists of one building block with 6 carbon atoms. (b) A disaccharide molecule consists of two of these building blocks. (c) A polysaccharide molecule consists of many such building blocks.

(a) Monosaccharide (b) Disaccharide CH, (c) Polysaccharide Figure 2.13 Carbohydrate molecules vary in size. (a) A monosaccharide molecule consists of one building block with 6 carbon atoms. (b) A disaccharide molecule consists of two of these building blocks. (c) A polysaccharide molecule consists of many such building blocks.

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter2: The Chemical Level Of Organization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 25RQ: C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________. polymer of carbohydrate pentose monosaccharide...

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1. (a) The diagram below shows a structure of monosaccharide. CH,OH C=0 H-C-OH НО—С—Н ČH,OH i. Draw the figure above on your answer sheet and indicate ALL chiral carbon(s) in your figure with *. ii. With reference to the number of carbon, the type of carbonyl group and D/L configuration, suggest a name consisting these three properties to describe the monosaccharide shown above. Explain why this monosaccharide is in D- or L- configuration as you suggested in (ii). 111. (b) The diagram below shows different configurations of glucose. CH,OH CHO ÇH,OH H H-C-OH O. OH H. H. OH H. H OH HO-C-H но H-C-OH но H. H-C-OH OH OH ČH,OH A В C i. Which glucose molecule, A or C, is in a configuration? Explain. ii. What is the name of the conversion among different configurations? iii. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) consist of modified sugars. Give a name of the typical modification to the sugar. What makes GAG ideal for the fluid in the joints? to
7. If a macromolecule such as maltose is separated into glucose and glucose monomers, molecule(s) must be added back to the molecules. This process is called 8. Name four food examples high in the following (not discussed in the lab): (4) monosaccharide, (4) disaccharide, (4) polysaccharide, (4) fat, and (4) protein. Protein Mono- Di- Poly- Lipid (fat)
A22. Which ONE of the following statements regarding biological molecules is CORRECT? (A) The monosaccharide glucose is predominately in the linear form in aqueous solution. (B) (C) (D) (E) Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide units linked by an ester bond. Starch is a polymer of glucose units held together by the formation of acetal bonds. Peptides are formed from a number of amino acids bound together through their side chain groups. Peptides and proteins are held together by imine bonds.
11. List 2 polysaccharides that provide structure and strength. What is interesting about the orientation/shape/bonding/architecture in these molecules?
PROTEINS 1. Give the general structure of amino acid. 2. Give the 20 amino acids (include structure, name, and symbol) and classify them according to their structures and nutritional requirements. 3. Give at least 10 functions of protein and describe each function. Cite an example for each function if there are any.
Macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids ii. iii. Function To provide energy, store energy, build macromolecules, and spare protein iv. Monomer b. For each of the following scenarios explain which macromolecules are being described: CHOICES: Lipid, Carbohydrates, Protein, or Nucleic Acid i. Oxygen is transported through your blood using a substance called hemoglobin. Monosaccharide DNA is opened to be copied onto mRNA during transcription. Glucose is broken down during glycolysis to create pyruvate. Shape A waxy cuticle on the top surface of leaves helps to repel water.
3. Identify the monosaccharide represented by each of the following structures. Name each compound H H CH2OH H CH2OH H OH H (а) (b) (c) H HV но H OH H HV Но Он CH2OH H Он H Он
3. Identify the monosaccharide represented by each of the following structures. Name each compound. H H CH,OH H CH2OH H OH H (а) (b) (c) но он H VCH2OH OH H H H Но H H ÓH H ÓH H ОН ÓH
11.3. When two carbohydrates bond, they do so through a reaction called (2 words) This produces a molecule called a A molecule comprising numerous carbohydrates is called a 11.4. Look at figure 3.6 again. Identify at least three qualities which all carbohydrate molecules share. 11.5. Based on your observations, would you predict carbohydrates are hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Your liver stores glucose in 11.6. Plants store glucose in a long-chained molecule called a similar, long-chained molecule, but the molecule has many branches to it. What's this molecule called?
1)Explain 3 benefits of proteins forming higher oligomeric states. 2) Why are peptide bonds planar?
Part 1: For the following statement choose (T) for true and (F) for fal 1. Animals can synthesize proteins from inorganic N present in the air. 2. Proteins have higher molecular mass than carbohydrates and lipids 3. When 2 amino acids combine, the product is called a dipeptide. 4. The structure of human insulin is example of tertiary structure of 5. Hemoglobin is example of a quaternary structure. 6. Enzymes decreases the speed of a reaction 7. Nearly all enzymes are globular proteins. 3. Optimum temperature of the enzyme, is 37°C or body tempera . Vitamins are synthesized in the body. J. vitamin deficiency can generate a number of diseases.
7. H 'C" 1 H-C -OH 1 H - C - OH 1 H COH 1 8. H H 9. H -C-C-H 1 OH H I 1 OH : H-D-E Chemical formula: Carbohydrak? Chemical formula: H 애 C XIX 애 CH ₂0H Carbohydrate? H Chemical formula OH Carbohydrate?