Assume that payoffs are received at the time a pricing decision is made, so the first-period payoff does not need to be discounted. If the interest rate is 30% per period, then the present value of Bridezilla-No-More's profit from following the collusive agreement forever is million, whereas the present value from breaking the agreement in the first period is million. Therefore, Tying-the-Knot's grim trigger strategy effectively deter Bridezilla-No-More from cheating on their agreement.
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- 5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that two firms, Lucky Bird and Full Coop, are the only sellers of seitan buffalo wings in some hypothetical market. The following payoff matrix gives the profit (in millions of dollars) earned by each company depending on whether or not it chooses to advertise: Lucky Bird Full Coop Advertise Advertise 9,9 Doesn't Advertise 3, 15 Doesn't Advertise 15,3 11, 11 For example, the lower left cell of the matrix shows that if Full Coop advertises and Lucky Bird does not advertise, Full Coop will make a profit of $15 million, and Lucky Bird will make a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Lucky Bird and Full Coop are both profit- maximizing firms. If Lucky Bird chooses to advertise, it will earn a profit of S advertise. If Lucky Bird chooses not to advertise, it will earn a profit of s not advertise. million if Full Coop advertises and a profit of If Full Coop advertises, Lucky Bird makes a higher profit if it chooses…8. Understanding grim strategies Suppose only two firms, Tying-the-Knot and Bridezilla-No-More, offer high-class wedding planning services. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) of each company, depending on whether it sets a high or low price for its services. Tying-the-Knot and Bridezilla-No-More are both profit-maximizing firms. Bridezilla-No-More Low High Low $8, $8 $14, $4 Tying-the-Knot High $4, $14 $9, $9 The Nash equilibrium of this game is for Tying-the-Knot to set a price and Bridezilla-No-More to set a price. True or False: Both firms would be better off if they cooperated and set a high price for their services, instead of using the Nash equilibrium. True False Suppose that the firms play this game indefinitely. Both firms agree to cooperate in order to maintain higher profits. To deter cheating, Tying-the-Knot announces that it will play a grim strategy. Given this strategy, what will happen if Bridezilla-No-More breaks the cooperative…12. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that two firms, Hatte Latte and Bean Bruuer, are the only sellers of espresso in some hypothetical market. The following payoff matrix gives the profit (in millions of dollars) earned by each company depending on whether or not it chooses to advertise: Bean Bruuer Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise Hatte Latte Doesn't Advertise 9,9 3,15 15,3 11, 11 For example, the lower left cell of the matrix shows that if Bean Bruuer advertises and Hatte Latte does not advertise, Bean Bruuer will make a profit of $15 million, and Hatte Latte will make a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Hatte Latte and Bean Bruuer are both profit-maximizing firms. If Hatte Latte chooses to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ does not advertise. million if Bean Bruuer advertises and a profit of $ million if Bean Bruuer If Hatte Latte chooses not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ does not advertise. million if Bean Bruuer…
- 5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that two firms, Frankencakes and Thinley's, are the only sellers of crepes in some hypothetical market. The following payoff matrix gives the profit (in millions of dollars) earned by each company depending on whether or not it chooses to advertise: Frankencakes Thinley's Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 9,9 Doesn't Advertise 3,15 For example, the lower left cell of the matrix shows that if Thinley's advertises and Frankencakes does not advertise, Thinley's will make a profit of $15 million, and Frankencakes will make a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Frankencakes and Thinley's are both profit- maximizing firms. advertise If Frankencakes chooses to advertise, it will earn a profit of 5 15,3 11.11 If Frankencakes chooses not to advertise, it will earn a profit of S not advertise. Both firms will choose to advertise O Both firms will choose not to advertise. million if Thinley's advertises and a profit of…6. Using a payoff matrix to determine the equilibrium outcome Suppose there are only two firms that sell tablets: Padmania and Capturesque. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn, depending on whether it sets a high or low price for its tablets. Padmania Pricing High Low Capturesque Pricing High LOW 8,8 13,4 4, 13 7,7 For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Padmania prices low and Capturesque prices high, Padmania will earn a profit of $13 million, and Capturesque will earn a profit of $4 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Padmania and Capturesque are both profit-maximizing firms. If Padmania prices high, Capturesque will make more profit if it chooses a profit if it chooses a price. If Capturesque prices high, Padmania will make more profit if it chooses a profit if it chooses a ▼price. Considering all of the information given, pricing low If the firms do not collude, what strategies will they end up…6. Using a payoff matrix to determine the equilibrium outcome Suppose there are only two firms that sell tablets: Padmania and Capturesque. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn, depending on whether it sets a high or low price for its tablets. Capturesque Pricing High Low High 11, 11 2, 18 Padmania Pricing Low 18, 2 10, 10 For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Padmania prices low and Capturesque prices high, Padmania will earn a profit of $18 million, and „Capturesque will earn a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Padmania and Capturesque are both profit-maximizing firms. If Padmania prices high, Capturesque will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Padmania prices low, Capturesque will make more profit if it chooses a price. If Capturesque prices high, Padmania will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Capturesque prices low, Padmania will make more profit if it chooses…
- 5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Expresso and Beantown are the only two firms that sell coffee. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Expresso Advertise Doesn't Advertise Beantown Advertise 10, 10 2, 18 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Expresso advertises and Beantown doesn't advertise, Expresso will make a profit of $18 million, and Beantown will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Expresso and Beantown are both profit-maximizing firms. Doesn't Advertise 18, 2 11, 11 If Expresso decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of S advertise. If Expresso decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of S not advertise. O O million if Beantown advertises and a profit of s If Beantown advertises, Expresso makes a higher profit if it chooses If Beantown doesn't advertise, Expresso makes a higher profit if it cnot to advertise…5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Expresso and Beantown are the only two firms that sell coffee. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Beantown Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 9, 9 15, 3 Expresso Doesn't Advertise 3, 15 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Expresso advertises and Beantown doesn't advertise, Expresso will make a profit of $15 million, and Beantown will make a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Expresso and Beantown are both profit-maximizing firms. If Expresso decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Beantown advertises and a profit of $ million if Beantown does not advertise. If Expresso decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Beantown advertises and a profit of $ million if Beantown does not advertise. If Beantown advertises, Expresso makes a higher profit if…QUESTION 4 If Bertrand duopolists respectively have marginal costs of 10 (firm 1) and 8 (firm 2), which of the prices below can arise in Nash equilibrium? (Assume that prices must be quoted in full cents, e.g. $0.99 or $1, but $0.995 is not possible. If prices are equal, half of the customers buy from each firm.) O Both firms charge $8.01. Firm 1 charges $10 and firm 2 charges $8. Both firms charge $9. Firm 1 charges $10 and firm 2 charges $9.99.
- 5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Creamland and Dairy King are the only two firms that sell ice cream. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Dairy King Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 8, 8 15, 2 Creamland Doesn't Advertise 2, 15 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Creamland advertises and Dairy King doesn't advertise, Creamland will make a profit of $15 million, and Dairy King will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Creamland and Dairy King are both profit-maximizing firms. If Creamland decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Dairy King advertises and a profit of $ million if Dairy King does not advertise. If Creamland decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Dairy King advertises and a profit of $ million if Dairy King does not advertise. If Dairy King advertises,…6. Using a payoff matrix to determine the equilibrium outcome Suppose that Flashfry and Warmbreeze are the only two firms in a hypothetical market that produce and sell air fryers. The following payoff matrix gives profit scenarios for each company (in millions of dollars), depending on whether it chooses to set a high or low price for fryers. Flashfry Pricing High Low Warmbreeze Pricing High 11, 11 15, 2 For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Flashfry prices low and Warmbreeze prices high, Flashfry will earn a profit of $15 million, and Warmbreeze will earn a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Flashfry and Warmbreeze are both profit-maximizing firms. Low 2, 15 8,8 If Flashfry prices high, Warmbreeze will make more profit if it chooses a chooses a price. If Warmbreeze prices high, Flashfry will make more profit if it chooses a chooses a price. Considering all of the information given, pricing low True O False If the firms do not collude, what…If the firms do not collude, what strategies will they end up choosing? Both Flashfone and Pictech will choose a low price. Flashfone will choose a high price, and Pictech will choose a low price. Flashfone will choose a low price, and Pictech will choose a high price. Both Flashfone and Pictech will choose a high price. True or False: The game between Flashfone and Pictech is not an example of the prisoners' dilemma. True False