Based on phylogeny and history of evolution, do new anatomical features such as lungs (amphibians) arise de novo or came from pre-existing structures of their ancestors (like gills of fish)? Explain.
Q: Explain the significance of the discovery of Archaeopteryx. Why did this fossil demonstrate beyond…
A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…
Q: Describe four shared derived characters of vertebrates.
A: Vertebrates are members from the subphylum Vertebrata, under the phylum Chordata and under the realm…
Q: Lungs ventilated with water occur in some animals—most notably sea cucumbers—but are rare. Why would…
A: Ventilation is the process of breathing in and breathing out. So, it involves inhalation and…
Q: All mammals share a similar structure of the vertebrae in common. For instance, in spite of its…
A: All mammals share a similar structure of the vertebrae in common. In spite of it's height, the…
Q: What makes Archeopteryx an important fossil evolutionarily? This species has a mix of…
A: As We know that Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms from the distant parts and…
Q: how did ancient fish make the evolutionary jump from gills to lungs
A: The “Age of fish”, the Devonian period, is marked by the diversification of various fishes, that are…
Q: What characteristics do primates and rodents have in common? Which group of animals are birds more…
A: Used to compare and study the relation between a group of animals and to find out common ancestors.
Q: What is the correct order of appearance in the fossil record, starting with the earliest: reptiles,…
A: Vertebrates comprise mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, a widely recognized category of…
Q: From the shared traits of present-day snails,squids, and clams, what features do you think the…
A: Mollusks are the members of the phylum Mollusca which is one of the diversified and largest animal…
Q: From this lab, one might conclude that certain trends can be detected, trends from ancestral…
A: Animals evolved through a process known as evolution, which involves changes in a species' features…
Q: The number and location of bones within fossilized vertebrate skeletons are similar to those in…
A: Fossils help us to document the existence of extinct species that share a structural and genetic…
Q: Most animals show derived characteristics (character states) that differentiate them from their…
A: Evolution refers to the change in the species characteristics over several generations. Evolution…
Q: The Cambrian explosion is a conundrum: how can the long prior history of the phyla, revealed by…
A: Evolution is change in the heritable qualities of natural populaces over progressive ages. These…
Q: Explain the significance of the discovery of Archaeopteryx.Why did this fossil demonstrate beyond…
A: Generally, birds are specialised group of vertebrates which have evolved from reptiles during…
Q: Ostrich wings are vestigial because they are too rudimentary to perform the function for which they…
A: All similarities between different organisms the result of shared ancestry
Q: Which of the following is an example of evolution co-opting a ready-made structure for another use?…
A: Some scientists like Darwin believe that evolution is a occurred through a series of small, gradual…
Q: Transitional Fossils: Which of the following is the corre sequence in the evolution of structures…
A: Vertebrate incursion from aquatic to terrestrial environments required a significant change in their…
Q: If Lamarck and Darwin had debated why giraffes have such long necks, how would their explanations…
A: Evolution is a steady ( gradual) phenomenon which cause transformation of life from simple to…
Q: What theory about the evolution of humans did the mitochondrial phylogeny study provide evidence…
A: Mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA holds great use in evolutionary studies because it is highly conserved,…
Q: What type of evolution do vertebrates have? (Parallel, Convergent, or Divergent)
A: Evolution is the study of relationship between different organisms.
Q: Transitional Fossils: Which of the following is the correct sequence in the evolution of structures…
A: The invasion of vertebrates from the water(aquatic) to the land(terrestrial) needed a huge…
Q: In 1928 Walter Garstang hypothesized that tunicates resemble the ancestral stock of the vertebrates.…
A: Introduction: Tunicate dwells in marine environment and is an invertebrate belonging to subphylum…
Q: draw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of Amniotes shown in the top…
A: The above image is of a phylogenetic tree.
Q: In the lineage leåding to tetrapods, the fins of aquatic wertebrates evolved into the limbs of…
A: “Tetrapod” means four feet and all the species that have four feet are tetrapods. This group also…
Q: The Humans That Lived Before Us, which of the following is not associated with the Fossil remains…
A: 'Lucy' was the most famous discoveries found in Unearthed, at Hadar Ethiopia in 1974. She (Lucy) was…
Q: How does the presence of gill slits in all vertebrate embryos support the theory of descent from a…
A: Gill slits are any of the openings or clefts between the gill arches in aquatic vertebrates that…
Q: the common ancestor of Cnidarians were an open-ocean jelly fish, what would you infer regarding the…
A: Cnidarians is a phylum which comes under the main classification animilia They are aquatic animals…
Q: Humerus Radius Ulna- Carpals- Metacarpals- Phalanges Human Cat Whale Bat
A: Homologous structures These are structures devoloped from a common ancestor They are found to…
Q: The human embryo and the embryos of other animals with backbones have gill slits. According to the…
A: The human embryo and embyos of other animals with with backbones have gill slits. Pharyngeal gill…
Q: What evidence is found in the fossil record that shows that early ancestors of humans walked upright…
A: Orrorin tugenensis fossil that include the teeth and two thigh bones was found in 2000 in Kenya. The…
Q: 1. Whales possess vestigial organs in the form of pelvic girdle and hind limb bones. How would you…
A: There are certain evidence of evolution .It includes :- A ) Evidence from fossil record. B )…
Q: Based on David Attenborough’s, “Rise of Animals” 1. Do new anatomical structures arise de novo? Why…
A: Any biological thing that occupies space and is distinct from its surroundings is referred to as an…
Q: ancestor (share 98% of DNA sequence), what adaptations to the skeleton system of humans do you think…
A: The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that is composed of the axial and appendicular skeleton. It…
Q: Pakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and…
A: EVOLUTION Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and…
Q: If you were to build a phylogenetic tree of living animals, which of the following derived…
A: Introduction :- Deuterostomes are an animal clade that undergoes deuterostomy during embryonic…
Q: a. What is Type I and Type II embryogenesis? When did they evolve? Compare the two and give an…
A: Answer :: a) In developmental biology, the development of an animal or plant embryo is embryonic…
Q: Amphioxus long has been of interest to zoologists searching for a vertebrate ancestor. Explain why…
A: Amphioxus, also called lancelets, are the marine invertebrate chordates.
Q: Describe how metamorphosis changes the structures involved in gas exchange over the life cycle of…
A: Amphibians are defined as the animals that belong to the class of cold-blooded vertebrates. These…
Q: Pakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and…
A: Evolution is the process of change in the organism over the time. This starts from the early day…
Q: How is it that most, if not all, of the extant animal phyla today evolved during the Cambrian period…
A: To date, there has been no other evolutionary explosion as strong as the Cambrian period in the…
Q: Several groups of vertebrates, such as seals, ancient extinct plesiosaurs (swimming ocean reptiles)…
A: Tetrapods are the four-legged organisms belonging to the Tetrapoda superclass of the animal kingdom.…
Q: Fossil records had given scientists a glimpse of the past, to what extent these fossil records…
A: Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the past.…
Q: Describe the evolution of mammals, tracing their synapsid lineage from early amniote ancestors to…
A: An animal that is characterized by the presence of mammary glands (mostly in females and sometimes…
Q: A synapomophy is a shared, derived characteristic. This differs from a symplesiomorphy which is a…
A: Synapomorphy It refers to the characters that are derived from a clade, i.e. the characters derived…
Q: Are bird wings and the wings of bats (evolved from limbs) an example of an evolutionary homology or…
A: Homology means the organs that are evolved from the same point of origin but have evolved different…
Q: In the lineage leąding to tetrapods, the fins of aquatic vertebrates evolved into the limbs of…
A: Tetrapods evolved from a finned organism that lived in the water. Their evolution happened 400…
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- In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal embryos coined the phrase “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny,” meaning that the physical development of an animal embryo (ontogeny) seemed to retrace the changing form of the species during its evolutionary history (phylogeny). Why would embryonic development retrace evolutionary steps?Looking at the present, the evolutionary relationships between extant species can be seen in the presence of body parts sharing a common basic design. These structures are descended from a common ancestor. Sometimes, structures which no longer serve their original function are found in modern species. What is this structure?Based on anatomy, fossil, embryos, and DNA what are the closest living relatives of cetaceans, fish or mammals?
- What makes Archeopteryx an important fossil evolutionarily? This species has a mix of characters that suggest it was a "transitional" species between two large groups, dinosaurs and birds. This species is the oldest known, universally agreed upon, fossil of life, and therefore tells up what the common ancestor to all living things might have been like. This species is thought to be the last common ancestor between chimps and humans, and therefore is the root of our own specific group (homonins). This species has a mix of characters that suggests is was a "transitional" species between two large groups, fish and amphibians.Evolution in Humans 1) explain how fossil evidence is used to reconstruct the hominid history 2) explain how genetic evidence is used to document changes in species and populations over time 3) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil ageAlong comes Dr Phil Bell and deep in the mines of Lightning Ridge, finds an amazingly preserved pterosaur that preserves feathers. He hypothesises that this means that feathers must have evolved before the origin of dinosaurs and therefore must have been primitive. Test this hypothesis using phylogenetic framework and provide a brief explanation of your process and whether or not you support Dr Bell's hypothesis.
- The forelimbs of the organisms in Figure 1 are examples of what type of structures? What do these structures indicate about the evolution of the three organisms? What would be an example of a structure analogous to the last structure? How does the anatomy of the forelimbs show an evolutionary pattern?Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statements are correctly inferred from this tree? Select all that apply. A) The mammals are the outgroup in this tree. B) Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor. C) Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species. D) Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles. E) Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the argument that humans are more evolutionarily related to fish than they are to insects? All these organisms require oxygen to survive. The earliest fish fossils are found in the lowest strata of sedimentary rocks, followed by insects, and then humans. The early stages of embryo development in fish and humans look strikingly similar while insects develop very differently compared to both fish and humans. Fossils of ancient fish and human ancestors have been discovered in the same sedimentary rock layers.
- Shade the geological time range for each fossilized organism, marking the time period where each fossil belongs to in a darker color (see example for fossil #2: Batostomella gracilis ): Fossil #7: Mucrospirifer thedfordensis Fossil #16: Cardioceras species Fossil #17: Dinosaur bone Fossil #21: Otodus species Fossil #23: Dentalium sexangulare Fossil #24: Physa humerosaPakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and nostrils on the front of its skull. Modem whales have a similar ear structure, but their nostrils are on the back of their skull. Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, had the same ear structure as both Pakicetus and modern whales, but nostrils in the middle of its skull. According to this information, the most likely concilusion that biologists could draw about the relationship of Aetiocetus to the other organisms is that Aetiocetus O evolved as whale ancestors lost their forward-placed nostrils through disuse. O is the ancestor of both Pakicetus and modern whales. O is not related to either Pakicetus or modern whales. O is a transitional form between Pakicetus and modern whales.Name three characteristics or features in the phyla studied that you could tell are ancestral or primitive and three that you may call advance? Explain further?
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